Santayana
GEORGE, a Spanish- American poet and educator; born in Spain in 1863. He was assistant Professor of Philosophy at Harvard, and published: "Sonnets and Other Poems," and "The Sense of Beauty: An Outline of Æsthetic Theory" (1896); "Lucifer: A Theological Tragedy" (1899); "Interpretations of Poetry and Religion" (1900); "The Hermit's Christmas" (1901); "The Life of Reason" (5 vols. 1905-1906); "Three Philosophical Poets; Lucretius, Dante and Goethe" (1910); "Winds of Doctrine" (1913), etc.
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Santiago De Compostela
a city of Spain; in the province of ce of Corunna, and on the slope of Monte Pedroso. It is the see of an archbishop. The cathedral, begun 1082, is in the form of a Latin cross; near it is a large hostel, founded for pilgrims. The town was built around a chapel, afterward made the cathedral, on the site popularly be lieved to be the grave of the apostle St. James, whose bones are said to be San Salvador. It is a handsome town, thamendatios entries it was the most frequented place of pilgrimage of western Europe, and it has been called the "Mecca of Spain." The cathedral has a modern front, but part of the interior was built in the 9th century and is noted for its splendid proportions, lofty outline, and beautiful Gothic columns. There is a large hos pital founded by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1504, and a university founded in 1504. There are many ruined convents in the city. It has numerous manufactures of hosiery, linen, cotton, silk, leather, paper, and wine, but its trade has much declined during the last four centuries. Pop. about 25,000.
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Santiago De Cuba
a city, seaport, Oriente, Cuba; on a beautiful harbor and capital of the province of the opening through a narrow pass into the Caribbean Sea. It was made famous in the American-Spanish War by the splendid victory achieved by the American fleet outside of its harbor, and the later occupation of the city by American troops on the surrender of the Spanish army. The Spaniards claim that it is the oldest city in North America. It was founded in 1514 by Diego Velasquez, the conqueror. Among the city's notable buildings are Morro Castle (1640); the Cathedral, Government House, the military barracks and hospital. When the American Government assumed control, July 17, 1899, of that portion of the province of Santiago included in the surrendered territory, industries were at a standstill and estates generally destroyed. Under American rule all was changed. Sanitation was introduced, schools and houses were built in destroyed towns, while public works supplied all willing to work with means for subsistence. Trade revived, estates were restored to a flourishing condition and prosperity returned to the city and province. Pop. (1919) 70,232.
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Santis
or SENTIS, a mountain on the borders of the Swiss cantons of St. Gall and Appenzell, consists of three parallel ridges, separated by deep valleys and connected by lofty saddles. The highest point is 8,216 feet above sealevel. There are on the mountain, which commands very beautiful views, an observatory and a hotel.
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Santley
CHARLES, SIR, an English baritone singer; born in Liverpool, England, Feb. 28, 1834; acquired a knowledge of his art in Italy under Gaetano Nava, and in London under Garcia; appeared for the first time in 1857, and achieved his first great success at the Handel Festival in the Crystal Palace in 1862. He visited Australia 1889-1890 and the Cape of Good Hope in 1893, and made tours in Italy, Spain and the United States. After that he appeared constantly at oratorios, concerts, and operas as a baritone of great compass and finished expression. He wrote "Student and Singer," "The Art of Singing, (1906); "Reminiscences of My Life" (1909).
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Santonin
in chemistry, C15H1803; santonic acid. The active constituent of the blossoms and seeds of Artemisia sanonica, discovered by Kahler in 1830. It crystallizes in lustrous six-sided flat prisms, which melt at 168°-170°; insoluble in cold water, very soluble in alcohol and ether. It is much esteemed as an anthelmintic.
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Santorini's Cartilages
in anatomy, two small, yellowish, conical cartilaginous nodules, articulated with the tips of the arytenoid cartilages; named from their discoverer, G. B. Santorini, an Italian anatomist (1681-1736).
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Saphy
Perhaps from the Arabic safi "pure, select, excellent." Certain charms or amulets worn by the negroes as protection against thunderbolts and diseases, to procure them wives, and avert disasters of all kinds. They are composed of strips of paper on which sentences from the Koran are inscribed, sometimes intermixed with kabalistic signs. These strips are enclosed in silver tubes or silk bags, which are worn near the skin, and often fastened in the dress. Africans of both sexes and all religions are great believers in the occult properties of such talismans; and Mungo Park resorted to the making of Saphy, or Grigris (as they are some times called), as a means of earning his living.
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Sapindacee
soapworts; the typical order of Sapindales. Trees, shrubs, twining and with tendrils, rarely climbing herbs; leaves alternate, generally compound, sometimes dotted; flowers small, white or pink, rarely yellow. Found in S. America, in India, and various tropical countries; tribes, Sapindex, Hippocastaneæ, Dodoneæ, and Melismeæ. Known genera, 118; species, over 1,000.
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Saponin
senegin; polygalin; a substance first observed in the common soapwort, but now found to be widely diffused through the vegetable kingdom. Quillaja bark, horse chestnuts, and senega root yield it in considerable quantities. The powdered substance is boiled in strong alcohol and filtered hot; the saponin separates in flocks on cooling and is purified by animal charcoal. It is a white friable powder, having a burning and persistently disagreeable taste, is more soluble in dilute than strong alcohol, and forms with water a frothy solution. It is often used to give an artificial froth to beer and effervescing beverages.
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Saponite
an amorphous mineral occurring as nodules, or filling crevices, and forming amygdules in igneous rocks; soft, but brittle when dry; color, various; composition: essentially a hydrated silicate of magnesia and alumina. Also a clay resembling soap, occurring in the granite of the hot springs of Plombières, France. SAPOR I., or SHAHPUR, a Persian king who reigned A. D. 240-272. He belonged to the dynasty of the Sassanide, which ruled Persia for about 400 years. Sapor's most noteworthy achievement was his successful war with the Romans, in which he defeated, took captive, and put to death the Emperor Valerian. (A. D. 260).
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