The Meta-Encyclopedia

Single-source entries: S (32)

Each of these 13 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.

Sazonoff

SERGI DIMITRIE- VITCH, a Russian statesman, born in 1861. In 1890 he was appointed second secretary to the Russian Embassy in London, where he obtained his first diplomatic training. Here he remained for two years, then, then, after filling a number of posts in European cities, he returned to London in 1904 as Councillor of the Embassy. It was shortly after that he distinguished himself by his handling of the Dogger Bank incident, when the Russian fleet, bound for the Orient, fired on a number of fishing vessels on the Dogger Bank, in the belief that it had been attacked by a Japanese submarine. As a result of this triumph, Sazonoff was sent as Minister to the Vatican, in 1906. Three years later he was recalled to Russia to assist Minister of Foreign Affairs Isvolsky, whom he succeeded in 1910. He was still holding this post in 1914, at the outbreak of the World War, and had a powerful influence in drawing the British and Russian governments close together. In 1916 he was forced to resign, which was the first incident to arouse the suspicion of the Allied world that the Russian Government was not entirely sincere in its desire to defeat Germany in the war. Since the Revolution of 1917, and especially after the coming into power of the Bolsheviki, in November of that year, Sazonoff has been an exile abroad, where he has represented certain anti-Bolshevist elements among the Russians.

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Scab

in sheep, like itch in man, or mange in horses or dogs, depends on the irritation of three varieties of minute acari, some of which burrow in the skin, especially if dirty and scurfy, causing much itching, roughness, and baldness. The parasite readily adheres to hurdles, trees, or other objects against which the affected sheep happen to rub themselves, and hence is apt to be transferred to the skins of sound sheep. Chief among the approved remedies are diluted mercurial ointments, tobacco dip, turpentine and

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Scabbard

the sheath of a sword or bayonet, made of metal, wood, leather, rawhide, or paper.

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Scabbard Fish

the Lepidopus cau- , datus fairly common in the Mediterranean and the warmer parts of the Atlantic. It is probably a deep sea fish. Its length is from five to six feet, dorsal extending the whole length of the body, which is much compressed. ressed . known in New Zealand, where it is called It is well the frost fish and is much esteemed for food.

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Scabiosa

the scabious; a genus of Dipsaceæ, involucel, membranous or minute; receptacle hemispherical, hairy, with scaly floral bracts; fruit with eight depressions; known species about 90, from the Eastern Hemisphere. S. succisa yields a green dye, and seems astringent enough to be used in tanning.

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Scabious

an extensive genus of annual and perennial herbs, belonging to the natural order Dipsaceæ. They are annual or perennial herbs, with entire or divided leaves and heads of blue, pink, white or yellowish flowers. S. succisa, devil's bit, is a common plant. It was formerly supposed to be of great efficacy in all scaly eruptions, hence the name. SCAD or HORSE MACKEREL (Caranx trachurus, or Trachurus vulgaris), a genus of fishes included in the family Scomberidæ or mackerels, and found around the coasts of Great Britain. It appears in large shoals, and the flesh, though coarse, is esteemed and eaten salted during the winter months. SCÆVOLA, GAIUS MUCIUS, an illustrious Roman, who distinguished himself when Porsenna besieged Rome, 507 B. C. Mucius entered the camp of Porsenna to assassinate him and by mistake stabbed one of his attendants. Being seized and brought before Porsenna, he said that he was one of 300 who had engaged, by oath, to slay him; and added, "This hand, which has missed its purpose, ought to suffer." On saying this, he thrust it into the coals which were burning on the altar, and suffered it to be consumed. Porsenna, struck with his intrepidity , made peace with the Romans. The name of Scævola, or "Left-handed," was given as a mark of distinction to Mucius and his family.

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Scafell

a double-peaked , the mountain loftiest summit in England, on the Westmoreland border of Cumberland: 14½ miles S. S. W. of Kes- R-Cyc oil, and arsenical solutions such as are wick. Of the two peaks, the higher, Scaused for sheep dipping. fell Pike, attains 3,210 feet, the other 3,161.

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Scaglia

a red, white, or gray argillaceous limestone occurring in the Venetian Alps, and believed by De Zigno to be the age of the chalk. The beds are usually thin, fragile, and almost schistose, whence the name of scaglia.

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Scale Fern

a popular name for a British species of fern (Ceterach officinarum), so named from the imbricated tawny scales at the back of the fronds. To this plant was formerly attributed a marvelous influence over the liver and spleen.

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Scale Moss

a popular name given to the Jungermannias, plants resembling moss, and belonging to the order Hepati- They grow on the trunks of trees, cx. in damp earth, and in similar places, and are so called from the small scale-like leaves.

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Scale Tree

an important tree (Lepidodendron), fossil remains of which are found in the coal-measures, whose trunk was very regularly man marked with ornamental patterns like the scales of some fishes. The height was 60 to 70 feet.

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Scalene

in mathematics, a term applied to a triangle whose sides are all unequal; also a cone such that a section made by a plane through the axis perpendicular to the plane of the base is a scalene triangle. In this latter case the term is equivalent to oblique.

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Scales

the imbricated plates on the exterior of certain animals, as the pangolins or scaly ant eaters, serpents and other reptiles, and especially especially fishes. classed, in accord- Fishes are sometimes ance with the structure of their scales, into Ctenoid, Ganoid, Cycloid, and Placoid. The term scale is applied also, in botany, to a small rudimentary or metamorphosed leaf scale-like in form and often in arrangement, constituting the covering of the leaf buds of the deciduous trees in cold climates, the involucrum of the Compositæ, the bracts of catkins, etc.

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