Scandinavian Peninsula
. See Norway ; Sweden
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Single-source entries: S (34)
Each of these 10 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Scandium
in chemistry, an element discovered by Nilson in 1879; symbol, Sc; at. wt. 44.91. It occurs, together with the other rare earths, in gadolinite and euxenite, but the metal itself has not yet been isolated. It forms one oxide, scandia or scandium oxide, Sc2O3, a white infusible powder, resembling magnesia, sp. gr. 3.8, insoluble in water and acids.
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Scape
in architecture, the shaft of a column; also, the apophyge of a shaft; also, a botanical term for a flower stalk springing straight from the root, as in the primrose, snow-drop, etc.
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Scape Goat
a term applied to one who is made to bear the blame due to another. The idea is drawn from the Jewish ritual, in which a scape goat was a goat designed to 'scape, i.e., escape, as opposed to one killed and offered in sacrifice. Once a year, on the great day of atonement, after Aaron had offered a bullock in sacrifice for the sins of himself and his house (Lev. xvi. 1-8), he was to take two goats "for a sin offering." Lots were to be cast, one for the Lord, and one for Azazel. The goat on which Jehovah's lot fell was to be offered for a sin offering. Under the later Judaism the goat was thrown over a precipice about 12 miles from Jerusalem. The scape goat is generally considered the clearest type of the substitution of Christ for sinners, and His eternal removal of their transgres sion (Isaiah liii. 11-12; I. John Heb. ix. 28; I. Peter ii. 24).
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Scapegoat
in the ancient Jewish ritual, a goat loaded with the sins of the people and sent away into the wilderness. After the Hebrews settled in Jerusalem the scapegoat was driven over a precipice about twelve miles from the city. In Leviticus xvi: 21, 22, it is said: And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel . . . and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness, and the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities into a land not inhabited. In literature, the term scapegoat is applied to anyone who is made to bear the blame for the wrong doings of others. See Jews
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Scapula
in anatomy, one of the two bones, the other being the clavicle, which together form the pectoral arch or shoul der girdle. The scapula constitutes its posterior part. It is placed upon the upper and back part of the thorax, is articulated with the outer end of the clavicle, and has suspended from it the humerus. In zoology, the row of plates in the cup of crinoids, giving origin to the arms.
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Scapular
or SCAPULARY, a dress originally worn over their other dress by the monks when at manual labor, but now forming part of the habit of the older religious orders; also a miniature copy of a monk's scapular made of two pieces of cloth, connected by strings, worn by Roman Catholics from motives of devotion. There are four other scapulars in use: that of the Trinity, of white linen with a red cross; the Servite scapular of the Seven Dolors, of black stuff; that of the Immaculate Conception, of of light blue woolen, and the Red scapular, in commemoration of the Passion. In ornithology in the plural, a series of feathers springing from the base of the humerus, and continued in a longitudinal stripe so as to cover the last series of the quill feathers, with which they are often confounded. In surgery, a bandage for the shoulder blade. SCARABÆUS, in entomology, a genus of Copridæ, and the typical one of Scarabæidæ. The semicircular clypeus is divided by sharp notches into a series of triangular teet teeth; the forelegs are retracted. About 70 species are known, all from the Old World. S. acer, formerly Ateuchus sacer, is the sacred beetle of the Egyptians, often represented on Egyptian monuments, though Latreille thought it was S. egyptiorum, a golden green species. Both deposit their eggs in pellets of dung, which they roll with their hind legs into a hole dug for its reception.
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Scarabaeus
skar-a-be'us, a tumblebug held sacred by the Egyptians. None might injure it. In the ball of dung which the beetle rolls from morn till night, the Egyptians are said to have recognized an emblem of the globe. If this be true, their ideas of the shape of the world were centuries in advance of Christian Europe. The beetle itself personified the sun, the sharp projections on the head being rays of light and the thirty segments of its six feet (tarsi) represented the thirty days of the month. In hieroglyphics, a picture of the scarabaeus was used to represent the verb to be. Its figure was imitated in sculpture and its dead body was hung about the neck as an ornament.
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Scarborough
a port and watering place in England, much resorted to for health and pleasure. It is in Yorkshire, on the east coast, 37 miles N. E. of York, and overlooks a crescent sweep of sands ornamented by a headland crowned by a castle. Two bridges spanning the Ramsdale valley connect the modern with the older part of the town. A promenade pier, spa and garden, aquarium, and facilities for bathing and boating are among the attractions. The industries include fisheries, the making of jet, and, in the suburbs, market gardening. The town was bombarded by German cruisers in December, 1914, and by a German submarine in September, 1917. Pop. about 40,000. SCARLATINA. See SCARLET FEVER.
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Scarlatti
ALESSANDRO, an Italian composer, born in 1659, who was the founder of the Neapolitan school of music, in which most of the composers of the 18th century were trained. Scarlatti originated the overture. He is said to have written 200 masses, 115 operas, and 3,000 cantatas. His writings, though they produced a revolution in the style of operatic music, are almost all completely forgotten. He died in Naples, Oct. 24, 1725. His son DOMENICO (1683- 1757) was considered the greatest harpsichord plaver (pianist) of his time. beautiful bright red
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