Saumur
a town of France, in the department of Maine-et-Loire; on the Loire river, and on an island in it, 38 miles W. by S. of Tours. The most prominent buildings are an old castle (now arsenal and powder magazine), the 16thcentury town house, some interesting churches, and private houses of good French architecture. There are a town museum and a cavalry school. Rosaries and articles in enamel are manufactured. Saumur was a stronghold of the Protestants during the reign of Henry IV. Its prosperity was annihilated by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and its population reduced to a fourth. From 1598 till 1685 it was the seat of a famous school of Protestant theology, the most conspicuous professors being John Cameron of Glasgow (1579-1625) and his pupils Amyraut (or Amyraldus, 1596-1664) and Cappel (1585-1658). The school was noted for its freedom in Biblical criticism and was denounced by the opposing school of Sedan as heretical. Saumur was brilliantly captured by Larochejaquelein and the Vendeans in the summer of 1793. The largest dolmen in France is 1½ miles S. of the town; and prehistoric caves line the river. Pop. about 16,500.
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Sauria
or SAURIANS, an order of reptiles, including all those which, like the crocodile and lizard, are covered with scales and have four legs. The most gigantic and remarkable specimens of saurian reptiles are now extinct, but their fossil remains, immense in size and wonderful as they appear, afford incontestable evidence of their similarity in structure to the harmless little lizard of the present day.
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Sauride
the gar-pike family, comprising elongated fishes covered with scales of stony hardness, which are extended into imbricated spines on the first rays of all the fins; about 25 species, all American, are known. The genus Lepithe gar fishes of the dosteus, containing Northern lakes, Western and Southern rivers, is characterized by elongated slightly unequal jaws, which are furnished over their whole inner surface with rasp-like teeth, and a row of long, pointed teeth along their edges.
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Sauropoda
according to Marsh, an order of dinosauria, which he raises to a class. Fore and hind limbs nearly equal; feet plantigrade, pentadactyle, ungulate; anterior vertebræ opisthocœlian; sternal bones paired; premaxillaries with teeth. They were herbivorous, and attained their greatest development in the Jurassic. Families: Atlantosauridæ, Diplodocidæ, and Morosauridæ.
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Sauropsida
a primary group or province of vertebrata, comprising reptiles and birds. An epidermic skeleton, in the form of scales or feathers, is almost always present. The centra of the vertebræ are ossified, but have no terminal epiphyses; the the skull has a completely ossified occipital segment; mandible always present, and each ramus consists of an articular ossification, connected with the skull by quadrate bone. The apparent ankle joint is situated between the proximal and distal divisions of the tarsus, not between the tibia and the astragalus, as in the mammalia. The heart is tri- or quadri-locular, and some of the blood corpuscles are red, oval, and nucleated. Respiration is never effected by means of branchiæ, but after birth is performed by lungs. The cerebral hemispheres are never united by a corpus callosum. The reproductive organs open into the cloaca; the oviduct is a Fallopian tube with a uterine dilatation in the lower part. All are oviparous or ovoviviparous; there are no mammary glands; the embryo has an amnion and a large respiratory allantois, and is nourished at the expense of the massive vitellus.
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Saury
the Scomberesox saurus, a fish called also the skipper. It is from 12 to 18 inches long, about an inch in depth, and the jaw has a hinge movement as in Belone. The name is sometimes extended to the whole genus Scomberesox.
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Sausage
an article of food, consisting of chopped or minced meat, as pork, beef, or veal, seasoned with sage, pepper, salt, etc., and stuffed into properly cleaned entrails of the ox, sheep, or pig, twisted . at short intervals into sections
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Sauterne
a kind of white Bordeaux wine, made from grapes grown in the neighborhood of Sauternes, in the department of Gironde, France.
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Savage
MINOT JUDSON, an American clergyman; born in Norridgewock, Me., June 10, 1841. He was graduated at the Theological Seminary at Bangor, 1864; went to California as a Congregational home missionary, and preached at San Mateo and at Grass Valley. He removed to Framingham, Mass.; thence was called to Indianapolis, Indianapolis, and afterward to Hannibal, Mo. He accepted a call to the Third Unitarian Church in Chicago in 1873, and after a year there was installed pastor of the Church of the Unity, Boston, where he remained for 22 years. After 1896 he was minister in the Church of the Messiah, New York, in association with Dr. Robert Collyer. In his very active career he has published over 30 books on religious, social, and moral questions, among which may be mentioned: "The Religion of Evolution" (1876); "Social Problems" (1886); "Jesus and Modern Life" (1893); "A Man" (1895); "Religion for Today" (1897); "Poems" 882); "Our Unitarian Gospel," "The Minister's Ministe Handbook," "Psychics," "Life Beyond Death," and "Life's Darkest Problems" (1905), etc. He died in 1918.
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Savage Island
a small coral island in the Pacific ocean, between the Samoan and Tongan islands. It is about 30 miles in circuit. It was annexed by New Zealand Great Britain in 1888 and to in 1901. Pop. 3,880.
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Savanna
or SAVANNAH, an extensive open plain or meadow in a tropical region, yielding pasturage in the wet season, and often having a growth of undershrubs. The word is used chiefly in tropical America.
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Savanna
a city of Illinois, in Carroll co. It is on the Mississippi river and on the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroads. Its industries include storage elevators and a sash and door factory. Pop. (1910) 3,691; (1920) 5,237.
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Savannah
the chief seaport of Georgia. It is situated on the Savannah River, about fifteen miles from the ocean. The city has a total water frontage of six miles. It was settled by Oglethorpe in 1733. It repelled an attack of the British in 1776, but was taken by them two years later. During the Civil War it was an important center of supplies for the Confederate army. Sherman's famous march to the sea, December 21, 1864, terminated with the capture of the city. In addition to steamship connections with the Atlantic ports, Savannah is the terminus of several lines of railway. The city has many creditable public buildings and has an excellent reputation for the management of municipal affairs. Since the Civil War it has become a manufacturing center of no little importance. There are oil mills, foundries, sawmills, sash and door factories, and flour mills on an extensive scale. The manufacture of artificial ice is an important industry. It is the largest market in the world for naval stores . Immense quantities of tar, pitch, and turpentine are shipped. It is also the greatest cotton port on the Atlantic coast. Rice, lumber, tobacco, and fertilizers are important exports. In 1909 the population was 72,000. See Oglethorpe ; Georgia
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