Schurman
JACOB GOULD, an American educator; born in Freetown, Prince Edward Island, May 22, 1854. He won the Gilchrist Dominion scholarship, 1875; was graduated at London University, 1877; was Professor of Philosophy in Acadia College, 1880-1882; 1880- in Dalhousie College, Halifax, 1882-1886. He became Professor of Philosophy at Cornell University and president in 1892, serving until 1920. In 1899 he was appointed president of the first Philippine Commission. He was minister to Greece and Montenegro in 1912-13. He has published: "Kantian Ethics" (1881); Darwinism" "The Ethical Import of (1888); "Agnosticism and Religion"; "A Generation of Cornell" (1898); "Report of the Philippine Commission"; "The Balkan Wars" (1912-13); "Why America Is in the War" (1917). He was also editor of the "Philosophical Review." 1
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Schuster
SIR FELIX, a British financier, born in 1854. He was educated at Frankfort-on-the -Main, Geneva, and Owens College, Manchester; and then went into business in London. He was on the Royal Commission on London Traffic, 1903-5; Board of Trade Commission for the Amendment of Company Law, 1905; India Office Committee on Indian Railway Finance and Administration, 1907-8; and Treasury Committee on Irish Land Purchase Finance, 1907-8 . He was chairman of the Council of the Institute of Bankers, 1908-9, and of the Central Association of Bankers , 1913-15. His works include: "Foreign Trade and the Money Market"; "Our Gold Reserves." miles long. The Danube an
ARTHUR, scientist, born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in 1851. He was educated at Frankforton-the-Main, Geneva, Owens College , Manchester, and Heidelberg. He was chief of the "Eclipse" expedition to Siam, 1875. 1892 elipsexpedition to the ection a British the British Association and later became president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and of the Physical Society, London. He received the Royal medal of the Royal Society in 1893 and became president of the British Asso ciation in 1915. His works include "Theory of Optics"; "Progress of Physics"; "Britain's Heritage of Science."
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Schuyler Lake
a small lake in Otsego co., N. Y. Its outlet is the Susquehanna river. It is about 8 miles N. W. of Cooperstown and is 24 miles S. E. of Utica; length 5 miles.
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Schuylkill
a river of Pennsylvania, which rises in the N. side of the Blue Mountains, runs S. E., passes through the confines of Philadelphia, and unites with the Delaware 5 miles below that city. It is 120 miles long.
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Schuylkill Haven
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Schuylkill co., on the Schuyļkill river, and on the Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia and Reading, and the Lehigh Valley railroads. Its industries include car shops, underwear and shoe factories, rolling mills, and pip mills. Pop. (1910) 4,747; (1920) 5,437.
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Schwan
THEODORE, an American soldier, born at Hanover, Germany, in 1841. He was educated in Germany and removed to the United States in 1857. He served during the Civil War, rising to the rank of 1st lieutenant. At the close of the war he enlisted in the Regular Army and was appointed captain. He was promoted to various grades, becoming lieutenant-colonel in 1895, and brigadier-general of volunteers in 1898. In the following year he was honorably discharged from the volunteer service, and in 1901 was appointed brigadier-general in the United States Army. After 40 years of service he retired at his own request in 1909. He was awarded a medal of honor for distinguished service in the Civil War. During the Spanish- American War, he commanded the 1st Division of the 9th Army Corps, and was chief of staff of the Division of Porto Rico. He saw service also in military expeditions in the Philippines. In 1916 he was promoted to be major-general in the United States Army.
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Schwartz
BERTHOLD, a monk of the order of Cordeliers, at the end of the 13th century, was a native of Freiburg, in Germany, and an able chemist. It is said that as he was making some experiments with niter he was led to his invention of gunpowder, which was first applied to warlike purposes by the Venetians in 1300. There is, however, much discrepancy in the accounts of this discovery; and it is certain that Roger Bacon, who died in 1292, was acquainted with an inflammable composition similar to gunpowder, the knowledge of which the Europeans appear to have derived from the Orientals.
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Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
a former German principality, now part of the Republic of Thuringia in the German Republic, situated between Prussian Saxony, the Saxon duchies, and the principality of Reuss. It lies on the N. side of the Thuringian Forest, and has an area of 362 square miles. The surface is rugged, and the soil by no means fertile. The most important crop is flax, the culture of which is almost universal. A great part of the land is devoted to pasture, and great numbers of cattle are reared. The minerals include brown coal. iron, slate, and salt. The principal SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN 287 manufactures are glass and porcelain. Napoleon, he took up a position at Pul- Lutherans. tusk and remained inactive. In the fol- The inhabitants are mostly The capital is Rudolstadt. Pop. about 100,000.
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Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
a former German principality on the N. side of the Thuringian For Forest, between the territories of Prussian Saxony and a part of the Saxon duchies, since 1919 the the Republic of Thuringia, a state in miles. German Republic; area, 333 square -Ru- It is more fertile than Schwarzburg dolstadt, producing corn for export. One is of the principal sources of revenue derived from the forests, which furnish is extensiveexcellent timber. Flax also ly cultivated, and great numbers of cattle, sheep, and swine are reared. The importance is only manufacture of any porcelain. The inhabitants are almost all Lutherans. The capital is Sondershausen. Pop. about 90,000.
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Schweidnitz
a town of Prussia, in Silesia, on a height above the Weistritz, 29 miles S. W. of Breslau. Its manufactures include machinery, wool- , carens, linens, furniture, earthenware riages, gloves, beer, and spirits. It was the made a regular fortress by Frederick Great, and figured much during his wars. During its last siege, in 1807, it was taken in 36 days by the French and its outworks were dismantled. Its fortifiabout 35,000. an ancient and
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