Sadowa
sa-do'va, a village in Bohemia near the cathedral city of Koniggratz. It lies on the Elbe, about sixty-two miles east of Prague. The village is noted as the scene of the decisive battle of the Seven Weeks' War , fought July 3, 1866. The Prussians, numbering 220,000, under the command of William I and the Crown Prince, defeated 205,000 Austrians under the command of Benedek. The Austrians lost 40,000 men; the Prussians, 10,000. As the result of this battle, Austria retired from the confederation of German states, and left Prussia free, as the event proved, to form the present German Empire .
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Saenz
PEÑA ROQUE, an Argentine statesman, born at Buenos Ayres, in 1851. He studied law in the University of Buenos Ayres, and in 1876 was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, becoming in the course of a year president of the Chamber. When the war with Peru broke out in 1879 he joined the army and was wounded and taken prisoner. Returning to his native city in 1881 he became Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs. Meanwhile he had entered journalism and founded the review "Sud America." He became minister to Uraguay and served as ambassador to Spain 1906, and to Italy 1907-10. In 1910 in he was elected president of the republic and as such promoted the A. B. C. (Argentine, Brazil, Chile) entente. He died in 1914.
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Safed
one of the four holy cities of the modern Jews in Palestine; in horseshoe shape round a hill 2,700 feet above the Mediterranean; 6 miles N. W. of the Sea of Galilee. Here dwell about 15,000 Jews, Moslems, and Christians. The town was overthrown by earthquakes in 1759 and 1837. A castle of the Christians, built during the Crusades, was destroyed by the Sultan of Damascus in 1220, and, having been rebuilt by the Templars, was again taken and destroyed by Beybars of Egypt in 1266. The Jewish colony has been settled here since the 16th century, and embraces many immigrants from Poland.
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Safed Koh
a mountain range in Afghanistan. The W. portion of the chain separates the Herat river valley from the Murghab, while the E. Safed Koh forms the S. boundary of the Kabul basin. These mountains are quite alpine in their character, and some of the peaks exceed 15,000 feet in height. Among the spurs of the E. section are the passes leading from Kabul to Jalalabad, and from Jalalabad to Peshawur famous in the annals of British military expeditions into Afghanistan.
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Safety Pin
In the lever escapement, a pin that when the hands are turned backward, prevents the pallets leaving the escape wheel.
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Safety Pinion
A center pinion which allows the barrel to recoil when the mainspring breaks.
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Saffi
or ASFI, a seaport of Morocco, on a bay on the Mediterranean coast, 102 miles W. N. W. of the city of Morocco. It is a compactly built place, dominated by a fine ruined castle of the Sultans of Morocco dating from the 16th century. The place was held by the Portuguese for several years; they abandoned it in 1648. The fortifications they built still stand in part. The shrine of the Seven Sleepers here is visited by both Moslems and Jev Jews. Saffi was at one time the chief seat of the trade of Morocco with Europe, and, though it has declined since the rise of Mogador, it still exports beans, maize, peas, wool, olive oil, and imports cottons, sugar, etc.
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Safflower
or BASTARD SAF- FRON (Carthamus tinctorius), a large thistle - like plant with orange - colored flowers, natural order Compositæ. It is cultivated in China, India, Egypt, and in the S. of Europe. An oil is expressed from the seeds, which is used as a lamp oil. The dried flowers afford two coloring matters (also called safflower), a yellow and a red, the latter (carthamine) being that for which they are most valued. They are chiefly used for dyeing silk, affording various shades of pink, rose, crimson, and scarlet. Mixed with finely-powdered talc, safflower forms a common variety of rouge. In some places the questions involved were efficiently it is used in lieu of the more expensive saffron, and for adulterating the latter. The oil, in large doses, acts as a purgative.
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Safford
WILLIAM EDWIN, an American botanist, born at Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1859. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1880 and took post-graduate studies at Yale and Harvard. From 1880 to 1902 he was engaged in collecting for the United States National Museum in the departments of ethnology and ethnobotany. From 1902 to 1915 he was assistant botanist, and from the latter date was economic botanist of the Department of Agriculture. He conducted an expedition to South America for the Chicago Exposition. In 1898-90 he was vice-governor of the Island of Guam. He was a member of many learned societies. His writings include: "A Year on the Island of Guam" (1904); "An Aztec Narcotic" (1915); "Natural History of Paradise Key and the Nearby Everglades of Florida" (1919); and articles on botanical subjects to several encyclopædias.
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Sag Harbor
BOR, a village in Suffolk co., Long Island, N. Y.; Y.; on Gard and on the Long Island railroad; 100 Gardiner's Bay, miles E. by N. of New York City. There is an excellent harbor and regular steamboat connections with New York. Here are a union school, the Academy of the Sacred Heart of Mercy (R. C.), several banks, two weekly newspapers, and many handsome summer residences of New York business men. The village has flour and cotton mills, and manufactories of tools, watch cases, cigars, and leather. Sag Harbor was originally the site of Indian settlements, and many interesting relics have here been exhumed. The population varies, being larger during the summer season than at other times.
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Sagapenum
a brought from Persia and Alexandria, and generally believed to be furnished by some species of the genus Ferula. It occurs either in tears or irregular masses of a dirty brownish color, containing in the interior white or yellowish grains. It has an odor of garlic, and a hot, acrid, bitterish taste. It is occasionally used bitterdicinesta nervine and stimulating expectorant. well-built or SAUGOR, a
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