Scot
REGINALD, or REYNOLD, one of the first and boldest writers against the belief in witchcraft, alchemy, astrology, and other prevalent superstitions of his time, born in Kent early in the 16th century. He studied at Oxford, and spent his life in the study of old and obscure mystical authors, and in gardening. His reputation is founded on "The Discoverie of Witchcraft," published in 1584. By order of James I. the first edition of the book was burned by the common hangman, and the king replied to it in his "Demonology." He died in 1599.
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Scoti
A people mentioned, together with the Picti, by the later Roman writers as one of the chief tribes of the ancient Caledonians. They dwelt in the south of Scotland and in Ireland; and from them the former country has derived its name. Scylla and Charybdis . The names of two rocks between Italy and Sicily. In the one nearest to Italy was a cave, in which dwelt Scylla, a daughter of Crataeis, a fearful monster, barking like a dog, with twelve feet, and six long necks and heads, each of which contained three rows of sharp teeth. The opposite rock, which was much lower, contained an immense fig tree, under which dwelt Charybdis, who thrice every day swallowed down the waters of the sea, and thrice threw them up again.
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Scotia
the Latin name of Scotland, often used by her poets. The word is said to be derived from Queen Scota, the wife of a King of Ireland, who is thought to have invaded Scotland in 258 A. D. Previous to this event the land was known as CALEDONIA (q. v.).
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Scotland Yard
the police headquarters of London. There are about 1,000 policemen in the old city of London. The entire force of policemen for greater London, detectives included, is not less than 16,000. Scotland Yard is situated near Charing Cross . It contains in one section the Black Museum, a motley collection of objects connected with crime and noted criminals. The premises are said to have been owned at an early date by the sovereigns of Scotland, hence the name. Scotland Yard is noted the world over.
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Scott Monument
a remarkable Gothic memorial erected in honor of Sir Walter Scott. It is adorned with statues of Scott's chief literary characters. See Edinburgh
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Scottdale
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Westmoreland co., on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads. It is the center of an important coke industry, and it has also steel and iron mills, brass works, silver works, a casket factory, machine shops, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,456; (1920) 5,768.
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Scotti
ANTONIO, an Italian operatic baritone, born at Naples, Italy, in 1866. He studied under Madame Paganini and made his first appearance at the Teatro Reale, Malta, in 1889. After singing for 10 years on the stages of many Italian theaters, as well as in Madrid, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw, and South America, he sang in "Don Giovanni" in London, in 1899, under the management of Maurice Grau, who immediately engaged him for his New York Metropolitan Opera Company. Since then he has appeared regularly each season in the United States, where he acquired a high reputation and where he sang leading parts in many of the best known operas. His home was at Naples.
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Scottish Academy
ROYAL, an institution for the promotion of the fine arts, formed at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1826. Sculpture and painting are the Academy, which was incorporated in 1838, and was organized on the plan of the English Royal Academy, was housed at first in the building of the Royal Institution and there held its annual exhibitions. Later arrangements were made by which the exhibition of painting and sculpture of the Royal Scottish Academy were held in the National Gallery. Apart from the exhibitions, the Academy maintains schools and these also are conducted in the National Gallery.
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Scotus Erigena
JOHANNES (skō tus e-rij'-enä), a renowned mediæval philosopher of the 9th century. He was an Irishman, as indicated by the surnames Scot Scotus (which in that age meant Irish) and Erigena (of Irish extraction). His life seems to have been passed mostly in France. He was a Platonist rather than an Aristotelian. His greatest work is "Of the Division of Nature," in which he holds for the identity of philosophy and religion, and repels the claim of authority in matters of religious belief.
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Scow
a large flat-bottomed boat, with broad, square ends used in dredging, etc.
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Scrap-metal
Fragments of cast-metal to be remelted, or of malleable iron. The latter, when reworked in the forge by piling, heating, and rolling, is sometimes converted into the strongest iron by reason of the twisted fibre imparted to the forgings. Cast-iron scrap of good quality forms a good corrective in all mixtures when the resultant casting made from the pig iron in stock would be too soft and graphitic. See MIXING CAST IRON; BUGS; SILICON; SOFTENERS.
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Screamer
in ornithology, a popular name for any individual of the South American family Palamedeida. They have a horn on the forehead, and strong HORNED SCREAMER spurs on their powerful wings. They are gentle and shy, and the crested screamer (Chauna chavaria) is said to be domesticated, and to defend the poultry of its master from birds of prey. Chauna derbiana is the derbian screamer, and Palamedea cornuta the horned screamer.
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Screen
See SAND-SCREEN. Screw-jack, or jack-screw, is a lifting-machine in which the power consists of a strong screw, which is made to rotate by means of a large nut which rests upon a base or pedestal. It is raised or lowered by turning the nut.
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Screw Chuck
A solid chuck having a threaded hole in the end for the reception of cement brasses, laps, etc., as shown in Fig. 81.
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Screw Driver
A well made and light screw driver is an important tool to the watchmaker. The point should be well polished and of a width nearly equal to the diameter of the screw head. One of the best forms on the market is the Waltham, shown in Fig. 278. It has four different sizes of blades which are readily adjusted to position. Screw drivers, are sometimes made in sets, the various width of blades being readily detected on the bench, as the color of the handle of each width is different.
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