Schlegel (II)
FRIEDRICH VON, a German philologist, born in Hanover, Prussia, March 10, 10, 1772. He first devoted himself to the study of Greek antiquity, and in 1794 published his great essay "On the Schools of Grecian Poetry"; following it with many others of a like tenor, as "The Greeks and Romans" (1797), and "History of Greek and Roman Poetry" (1798). In his "Fragments" (1798-1800) he essa essayed to establish the theory of a new romanticism; in the meantime writing the unfinished romance "Lucinda," and a volume of "Poems." He wrote also a tragedy, "Alarcos." His work "Language and Wisdom of the Indians" (1808) was a valuable contribution to the science of language. Among his other writings are lectures on "Modern History" (1811); "History of Ancient and Modern Literature" (1815); "Philosophy of Life." He died in Dresden, Saxony, Jan. 12, 1829.
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Schlegel, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (1772-1829), a German poet and critic. He was the younger brother of August Wilhelm Schlegel. Friedrich Schlegel, as he is usually called, is considered by many as the more able of the two brothers, but he is less known to English readers. He was born at Hanover. He studied at Gottingen and Leipsic, and became noted as one of the foremost scholars of his time. He was the first to bring Sanskrit literature to the notice of German scholars. He was influenced profoundly by the philosophy of Fichte, the idealist, and by that of Schelling. Oppressed by the conditions of his own times, he turned to the past and found ecclesiastic life in the Middle Ages attractive. He joined the Roman Catholic church, hoping and believing that it might come again to the position of power it had held in former times. Schlegel lectured on philosophy, history, and literature, and was celebrated widely for brilliancy as a talker. His poetry was famous also and much of it is beautiful, though it is dreamy, mystical, and full of obscurity. As a critic, Schlegel's work was, like his brother's, that of the interpreter. He was more given to enthusiastic praise and to prejudiced criticism than the elder Schlegel. His most important prose works are On the Language and Wisdom of the Indians and Lectures on the History of Ancient and Modern Literature.
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Schleswig
or SLESWICK, formerly a duchy of Denmark; bounded N. by Jutland, from which it is nearly separated by the Konge Aa river and the Kolding fiord. Prussia took possession of it in 1867 with Holstein, and the two duchies formed the province of Schleswig-Holstein. By a plebiscite, provided for by the Treaty of Versailles, north Schleswig in 1920 decided to join with Denmark, while south Schleswig adhered to Prussia. Area, 7,299 square miles. Pop. N. Schleswig (1921) 184,133. SCHLESWIG or SLESWICK, a seaport of Prussia, in the province of Schleswig-Holstein; situated on the W. end of the Schlei, a narrow inlet of the Baltic Sea; 70 miles N. W. of Hamburg. It was an important port and seat of trade as early as 800. It contains a church founded in 850, the ducal castle of Gottorp, a fine cathedral, and deaf and dumb and lunatic asylums. Among the manufactures are lace, woolen goods, earthenware, leather, and sugar. Seven annual fairs are held here. In April, 1848, Schleswig was occupied in turn by the Danes and the Allies; in July, 1850, was regained by the Danes; in February, 1864, was occupied by the Austrians; and in 1867 came into possession of Prussia. Pop. about 20,000.
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Schleswig-Holstein
. See Denmark ; Prussia
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Schlettstadt
or SCHLESTADT, a town of Alsace-Lorraine; 27 miles S. W. of Strasburg. It was made a free city under the Hohenstaufen. In 1634 it was taken by the Fre French, and was fortified by Vauban, 1676; ceded to the Germans, 1870; and the fortress destroyed by them, 1874. Here was discovered, in the 13th century, the art of glazing pottery. It is the birthplace of the reformer, Martin Bucer, 1491. It has manufactories of leather, gloves, cottons, linens, chemicals, beer, spirits, oil, and other commodities. Pop. about 10,000.
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Schliemann
shleeman, Heinrich (1822-1890), a German merchant, antiquarian, and traveler. He was a native of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and died in Naples. He traveled extensively in the employment of Amsterdam commercial houses with which he was connected. Having amassed a fortune by successful trade, he retired from business in 1864 and devoted himself to the study of Greek archaeology. In 1870 he began excavating on the site of ancient Troy, a work which he prosecuted incessantly for twenty years. The rich collections of antiquities he deposited in a museum at Berlin. He also explored the ruins at Mycenae and elsewhere. He wrote a number of works. The most celebrated is Trojan Antiquities. See Troy
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Schmalkalden (LEAGUE OF a defensive alliance)
LEAGUE OF, a defensive alliance concluded at Schmalkalden, April 4, 1531, between nine Protestant princes and 11 imperial cities, with whom other princes and imperial cities subsequently made common cause. The Elector of Saxony and the Landgrave of Hesse were appointed chiefs of the league. The object of this formidable alliance, which included nearly all the Protestant States from Denmark to Switzerland, was the common defense of the religion and political freedom of the Protestants against the Emperor Charles V. and the Catholic states. The confederation was consolidated by the "Articles of Schmalkalden," drawn up by Luther at Wittenberg in 1536. A conflict was of course inevitable. In the war of Schmalkalden that ensued (1546), when the emperor got leisure to turn his attention to the matter, the strength of the Protestants was crippled and dissipated by jealousies, but especially by the defection of Duke Maurice of Saxony, so that in the battle of Mühlberg (April 24, 1547) the Elector of Saxony (the head of the elder branch of the Saxon house, Duke Maurice being the head of the younger branch), Philip of Hesse, and other Protestant chiefs were taken prisoners and their army routed. This caused the league to break up. The Protestant cause was, however, revived five years later by Duke Maurice, who had in the meantime been made elector instead of his unfortunate kinsman, and who, in 1552, returned to his old allegiance to Luther's teaching
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