Schmalkalden (Old town of Hesse-Nassau)
an old town of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia; 19 miles S. W. of Gotha; surrounded with double walls; contains a castle, a town hall, in which the historic "articles" were signed; and carries on iron mining and hardware manufactures. It is the birthplace of Karl Wilhelm (1815-1873), composer of the music of "The Watch on the Rhine." SCHNEIDEMÜHL, a town in Prussia, Germany. It is situated in the province of Posen, 153 miles by railway N. E. of Berlin. It is a well-built town, with some interesting churches, a seminary for priests, hospitals and deaf and dumb asylum. The industries include glassmaking. Pop. about 27,500.
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Schnitzer
EDWARD, better known as EMIN PASHA, an African explorer; born in Oppeln, Germany, March 28, 1840. Studying medicine, he graduated in 1864. Proceeding to Turkey, he practiced his profession. He adopted the name of Emin, and Turkish habits and customs, entering the Egyptian medical service as Dr. Emin Effendi. In 1878 he was appointed by Gordon Pasha governor of the Equatorial Province. He showed himself an enlightened ruler and a bitter foe to slavery. He added greatly to the anthropological knowledge of central Africa and published valuable geographical papers. He entered the German service, 1889, and commanded an expedition to central Africa; made treaties with the Arabs of Tabora, and founded three large German stations on Victoria Lake; established a chain of military posts from Mpwapwa to the interior; in 1891 pressed onward into the heart of central Africa, and in 1892 S. toward the equator. He was murdered by Arab slave traders in the Kongo Free State, Oct. 20, 1892.
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Schnitzler
ARTHUR, an Austrian dramatist and short-story writer, born in Vienna, in 1862. He was educated in his native city and in 1885 received the degree of M.D. from the University of Vienna. He practiced medicine until 1893, when he published with great success, "Anatole," a sequence of seven one-act dramas of modern life in Vienna. These, as well as later creations of his, have been played successfully, not only on Austrian and German stages, but also in many other countries, including the United States. Among his other dramatic works were "Der Grüne Kakadu" (1899); "Paracelsus" (1899); "Lebendige Stunden" (1902); "Der Einsame Weg" (1904); "Der Ruf des Lebens" (1905); "Comptess Mizzi" (1909); "Das Weite Land" (1911); "Professor Bernhardi" (1913); etc. Among his fictional works should be mentioned: "Sterben" (1895); "Der Weg ins Freie" (1908); etc. A collection of his writings were published in seven volumes in Berlin, in 1912.
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Schofield
JOHN M'ALLISTER, an American military officer; born in Gerry, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1831; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1853; served on garrison duty in South Carolina and Florida in 1853-1855; was assistant Professor of Philosophy at the United States Military Academy in 1855-1860, and Professor of Physics in Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., in 1860-1861. During the Civil War he Civil War he served in the Missouri campaign under ment of the Ohio; took part in the At- General hommanded the Depart lanta campaign; and commanded at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864, for which he was made Brigadier-General and brevet Major-General in the regular army. After the war he became commander of the Division of the Pacific; was Secretary of War in 1868-1869; commanded the army of the United States as senior Major-General; and was promoted Lieutenant-General in 1895. He was the author of "Forty-six Years in the Army" (1897). He died March 4, 1906.
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Schofield (II)
W (ALTER) ELMER, an American painter, born at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1867. He studied in Paris under Bouguereau, Ferrier, and Aman- Jean and, returning to America, became a Fellow of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia. He is represented in the National Collection of Uraguay; Corcoran Art Gallery, Washington; John Herron Art Gallery, Indianapolis lis; Art Museum, Cincinnati; Pennsylvania ati; Pennsylvania Academy Fine Arts; Carneg Arts; Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh; Sebright Art Gallery, Buffalo; Memorial Gallery, Washington; International Exposition, Buenos Ayres, and other permanent collections. He received many prizes and gold medals and was a member of the National Academy, National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Royal Society of British Artists, etc. During the World War he saw service with the British army in France.
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Scholarship
a name given in the SCHOLARSHIP, universities of Oxford and Cambridge, England, to foundations for maintaining scholars. A scholarship is, like a fellowship, subject to certain regulations and conditions; is inferior to the latter, but superior to an exhibition. In the United States most of the colleges have endowed scholarships..
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Schoodic Lakes
a chain of lakes in Maine, forming a part of the boundary between the state and the province of New Brunswick. The two larger lakes are Grand and First. The outlet of the chain is Schoodic river, which flows into the St. Croix river about 50 miles from its mouth; length, 25 miles.
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Schoolcraft
HENRY ROWE, an American author, noted as an Indian thority; born in Albany co., N. Y., March 28, 1793. Thirty years of his life he spent among the Indians, and through him many laws were enacted for their protection. Among his numerous publications are: "Travels in the Central Portions of the Mississippi Valley" (1825); "Indian Melodies," poem (1830); "The Manaf Bronze" (1834); "Algic Researches," a book of Indian allegories and 1839); and "The Indian and His legends ( at Wigwam" (1848). He died in Washington, D. C., Dec. 10, 1864. SCHOOL. See COMMON SCHOOLS, SEC- ONDARY SCHOOLS, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, etc.
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Schoolmen
. See Scholasticism
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Schooner
a vessel of two, three, on more masts and fore-and-aft-sails - г. e., extended on boom and gaff. The masts have but one splice, the topgallant, if any, forming part of the topmast stick When a schooner has none but fore-andaft sails, she is termed a fore-and-aft schooner; if carrying a square foretopsail and fore-topgallant sail, a topsail schooner. This latter rig, formerly common, has now become rare. Squarerigged vessels have also lower fore-andaft sails, denominated spencers or trysails, but these are small and are brailed up to the gaff when furled, instead of being lowered like those of a schooner.
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