Scottish Academy
ROYAL, an institution for the promotion of the fine arts, formed at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1826. Sculpture and painting are the Academy, which was incorporated in 1838, and was organized on the plan of the English Royal Academy, was housed at first in the building of the Royal Institution and there held its annual exhibitions. Later arrangements were made by which the exhibition of painting and sculpture of the Royal Scottish Academy were held in the National Gallery. Apart from the exhibitions, the Academy maintains schools and these also are conducted in the National Gallery.
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Scotus Erigena
JOHANNES (skō tus e-rij'-enä), a renowned mediæval philosopher of the 9th century. He was an Irishman, as indicated by the surnames Scot Scotus (which in that age meant Irish) and Erigena (of Irish extraction). His life seems to have been passed mostly in France. He was a Platonist rather than an Aristotelian. His greatest work is "Of the Division of Nature," in which he holds for the identity of philosophy and religion, and repels the claim of authority in matters of religious belief.
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Scow
a large flat-bottomed boat, with broad, square ends used in dredging, etc.
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Scrap-metal
Fragments of cast-metal to be remelted, or of malleable iron. The latter, when reworked in the forge by piling, heating, and rolling, is sometimes converted into the strongest iron by reason of the twisted fibre imparted to the forgings. Cast-iron scrap of good quality forms a good corrective in all mixtures when the resultant casting made from the pig iron in stock would be too soft and graphitic. See MIXING CAST IRON; BUGS; SILICON; SOFTENERS.
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Screamer
in ornithology, a popular name for any individual of the South American family Palamedeida. They have a horn on the forehead, and strong HORNED SCREAMER spurs on their powerful wings. They are gentle and shy, and the crested screamer (Chauna chavaria) is said to be domesticated, and to defend the poultry of its master from birds of prey. Chauna derbiana is the derbian screamer, and Palamedea cornuta the horned screamer.
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Screen
See SAND-SCREEN. Screw-jack, or jack-screw, is a lifting-machine in which the power consists of a strong screw, which is made to rotate by means of a large nut which rests upon a base or pedestal. It is raised or lowered by turning the nut.
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Screw Chuck
A solid chuck having a threaded hole in the end for the reception of cement brasses, laps, etc., as shown in Fig. 81.
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Screw Driver
A well made and light screw driver is an important tool to the watchmaker. The point should be well polished and of a width nearly equal to the diameter of the screw head. One of the best forms on the market is the Waltham, shown in Fig. 278. It has four different sizes of blades which are readily adjusted to position. Screw drivers, are sometimes made in sets, the various width of blades being readily detected on the bench, as the color of the handle of each width is different.
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Screw Pine
an East Indian plant belonging, with fifty other species, to a genus called Pandanus. It is not a pine. The common name has reference to a spiral arrangement of the leaves on the stem, somewhat after the manner of a pineapple. The common screw pine of India bears fragrant flowers from which the maker of perfumes derives a richly scented extract known as keora oil. The fruit is orange-shaped and is edible but without flavor. The leaves are made into matting and sacking. The Indian screw pine is planted along canals to prevent the banks from washing away.
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Screw Plate
A plate of hard steel in which are threaded holes of various sizes, for making screw threads.
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Screw Propeller
a spiral blade on a cylindrical axis, called the shaft or spindle, parallel with the keel of vessels, made to revolve by power beneath the surface of the water, usually at the stern, as a means of propulsion. In 1802, Shorter, an English mechanician, produced motion through the water by means of a screw, but his discovery had no practical value, and it was not till 1837 that its practicability was demonstrated by the American inventor, Captain Ericsson, since which time the screw has steadily gained in favor as a means of propulsion for vessels all over the world. In 1860 the first steamer operated by twin-screws was constructed by Messrs. Dudgeon of London, England.
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Screw Tailstock
This attachment is very convenient for heavy drilling, the spindle being moved by a screw with hand wheel attached, as shown in Fig. 301.
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Screw Tap
A tool for producing screw threads in holes.
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Screw-moulding
Cast-iron screws for conveyors and elevators are made in greensand by screwing a section of screw through the entire flask; first bedding the shaft with section attached in the lower flask, making joint halfway and ramming thereon the cope, which, when the pattern has been screwed out endwise, may if necessary be separated for finishing.
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Screws
Odd sized screws, not to be had from the material dealers, may be readily made by means of the screw plate and rose cutter. The rose cutter is quite a valuable adjunct to the lathe, and is fixed to the spindle in the same manner as the chuck, and will be found exceedingly useful for quickly reducing pieces of wires for screws, etc., to a gauge. For screws, the wire should be of a proper size for the screw heads, and a cutter selected with the hole the size of the finished screw. The point of the wire is rounded to enter the hole of the cutter, against which it is forced by the back center of the lathe, the serrated face of the cutter rapidly cutting the superfluous metal, the part intended for the screw passing into the hole in the cutter. Some care is required in rounding the point of the wire, for if not done equally all around, the screw will not be true to the head.
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