Scribe
in the modern sense, one skilled in penmanship. Other meanings are a writer or recorder of events, a reporter, a secretary, a copyist, and even a notary. In the Middle Ages the scribe carried an inkhorn, a bunch of quills, a penknife, sealing-wax, and paper or parchment, and other necessities of his profession. When the family desired a letter written or a document drawn up the scribe or notary came with his kit like a shoemaker, and, having completed his work, he repacked his portfolio and took his departure. Men of position and large affairs employed a secretary continuously. The family names of Clerke, Clark, Scriver, and Scriber are derived, no doubt, like Carpenter and Smith, from the occupation of some ancestor skillful with the pen.
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Scribe
AUGUSTIN EUGÈNE (skrēb), a French dramatist; born in Paris, Dec. 24, 1791. For nearly 40 years he was the most conspicuous playwright living. His collected "Œuvres" (76 vols., issued 1874-1885) contain all his works, which include novels as well as plays. Among his best - known plays are: " Valeria " Climate exercises ( 1822); " The Glass of Water " ( 1840); " Adrienne Lecouvreur " ( 1849); " The Queen of Navarre ( 1850) ,; " The Ladies ' Battle " (1851); and "Fairy Fingers" (1858): the last three with Legouvé. He also wrote "Fra Diavolo," "Robert the Devil," "The Huguenots," "The Prophet," "La Favorita," and many other well-known librettos. He died in Paris, Feb. 20, 1861.
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Scribes
in sacred history, a body of learned men who constituted the jurists and theologians of the Jewish church. It was their duty to compile the law and to teach it. They settled disputes in a judicial sense. In Matthew ii:4; it is related that Herod summoned the chief priests and the scribes of the people and asked them where Christ should be born. The more humble scribes acted as notaries, drawing up contracts and the like.
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Scribner's Monthly. See HOLLAND
JOSIAH GILBERT.
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Scrim
a semi-transparent cotton fabric. It is loosely woven, sometimes plain, sometimes with lace effects. Scrim is finished in white or cream color. It is also dyed and printed with floral or conventional designs. It is used for curtains and draperies, as a foundation for Hardanger embroidery, and for fancy work of several kinds. A variety of linen scrim is used for lining the sleeves of men's coats.
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Scripture
EDWARD WHEELER, an American psychologist; born in Mason, N. H., May 21, 1864; was graduated at the College of the City of New York in 1884; pursued special studies abroad; returned to the United States and was made director of the psychological laboratory of Yale University. He was lecturer at Johns Hopkins in 1906, and lecturer on psychiatry at Columbia in 1909. His investigations resulted in several important discoveries, including a method of producing anæsthesia by electricity, a method of measuring hallucinations and imaginations, and the law of "mediate association of ideas." He also invented a color-sight tester by which color-weak or color-blind persons employed in lamp batteries, marine or railroad service, can be detected. His publications include: "Thinking, Feeling, Doing" (1895); "The New Psychology" (1897); "Introduction to Experimental Phonetics" (1906), etc.
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Scudder
HORACE ELISHA, an American author; born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 16, 1838. From 1890-1898 he was editor of the "Atlantic Monthly." He published: "Seven Little People and Their Friends"; "Dream Children"; "Stories from my Attic"; "Stories and Romances"; "Boston Town"; "Life of Noah Webster"; "A Short History of the United states", "A History of the United States"; "Fables and Folk Stories"; "George Washington: An Historical Biography"; "Men and Letters"; "The Bodley Books"; "Life of Bayard Taylor"; "Recollections of Samuel Breck"; "Literature in School"; "The Children's Book," etc. He died in 1902.
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Scudder (II)
SAMUEL HUBBARD, an American naturalist; born in Boston, Mass., April 13, 1837; was graduated at Williams College in 1857 and at the Lawrence Scientific School in 1862; was assistant to Prof. Louis Agassiz at the Cambridge Museum of Comparative Zoölogy in 1862-1864; secretary of the Boston Society of Natural History in 1862-1870; and its president in 1880-1887. He was paleontologist of the United States Geological Survey in 1886-1892. His publications include: "A Century of Orthoptera" (1879); "Catalogue of the Scientific Serials of All Countries" (1879) "Butterflies, Their Structure, Changes, and Life Histories" (1881); "Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada" (1889); "Catalogue of the Described Orthoptera of the United States and Canada" (1900); etc. He died in 1911.
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Scudder (III)
VIDA DUTTON, an American educator and writer, born in southern India, in 1861. She graduated from Smith College in 1884 and took postgraduate studies at Oxford and in Paris. From 1882 to 1910 she was associate professor of English literature at Wellesley College, and from 1910 was full professor of this branch . She wrote "Social Ideals in English Letters " (1898); "The Disciple of a Saint" (1907); "Socialism and Character" (1912 ); 2); " Church and the Hour" (1917) , and edited many English texts.
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Scudder, Horace Elisha
Horace Elisha (1838-1902), an American author. He was born in Boston, educated at Williams, and died in Cambridge. He started in life as a teacher and tried business but soon gave himself to writing. He was the author of several juvenile volumes including The Bodley Books, 1875-87. He was a contributor to the Atlantic and edited it 1890-8. He edited the American Commonwealths Series, and wrote, among other volumes, Noah Webster, a Biography, Men and Letters, and James Russell Lowell, a Biography. Mr. Scudder's greatest service to letters, but a service that can never be estimated, was a persistent and an able advocacy of literary wholes, juvenile classics, for school use. To this end he edited the Riverside Literature Series, an extended series of inexpensive volumes for use as school readers. The series includes not only the masterpieces of British and American authors, but Mother Goose and other nursery rhymes.
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Scudo
a silver coin current in Italy during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The name means shield, and was derived from the heraldic shield, which it bore, of the prince who issued it. The scudo varied in value from 96 cents to $1.05. In 1859 Pope Pius IX struck a gold scudo worth $1.03. The present Italian coin of value is the lire, worth practically $5.
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