Senn
NICHOLAS, NICHO an American surgeon; born in Buchs, Switzerland, Oct. 31, 1844; removed with his parents to Ashford, Wis., in 1853; was graduated at the Chicago Medical College in 1868; followed his profession in Fond du Lac, Wis., in 1869-1874, and removed to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1874. In 1885 became a professor in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago; Professor of the Principles of Surgery and Surgical Pathology in Rush Medical College in 1888, and removed to Chicago in 1891. He was made surgeon-general of Wisconsin before his removal, and served in the field during the Spanish-American War. His publications include "Experimental Surgery"; "Surgical Bacteriology"; "Intestinal Surgery"; "Pathology and Surgical Treatment of Tumors"; "Tuberculosis of Bones and Joints"; "Tuberculosis of the Genito-Urinary Organs"; "Medico-Surgical Aspects of the American-Spanish War"; etc. He died Jan. 2, 1908.
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Senses
ordinarily speaking, the five modes by which outside impressions or information reach the brain. See Eye ; Ear ; Taste ; Brain , etc. The famous town of Mansoul had five gates in at which to come, out at which to go, and these were made likewise answerable to the walls, to wit, impregnable, and such as could never be opened nor forced but by the will and leave of those within. The names of the gates were these,--Ear-gate, Eye-gate, Mouth-gate, Nose-gate, and Feel-gate.--John Bunyan.
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Sensitive
One who is in any degree susceptible to the influence of spiritual beings. A medium is occasionally, and, according to some authorities, more correctly, termed a sensitive.
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Sensitive Plant
an herb belonging to the pea family. It is an erect, hairy plant, a native of Brazil. The leaves are long, petioled, and have numerous pairs of leaflets arranged pinnately. Purplish flowers are clustered in heads. The fruit is a spiny, pointed pod. The plant has a peculiar property of being sensitive to the touch. At the slightest touch the leaflets droop, closing together in pairs. At a second or more decided touch, the petiole bends downward, depressing the leaf toward the stalk. If left undisturbed, the petiole rises and the leaflets spread again. A blow on one leaf may cause several leaves to droop and close. The plant is tropical. It is cultivated in conservatories, and as a house plant for amusement, rather than for ornamental purposes. The partridge pea and other related plants native to the United States are sensitive likewise to a considerable degree. See Senna
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Separating Silver
Important: Safety Warning
This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes.
This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon.
The silver-holding alloy or metal is dissolved in the least possible quantity of crude nictric acid. The solution is mixed with a strong excess of ammonia and filtered into a high cylinder, provided with a stopper. A bright strip of copper, long enough to project beyond the liquid, is next introduced, which quickly causes separation of pure metallic silver. The reduction is completed in a short time, and the reduced silver washed first with some ammoniacal solution and then with distilled water. The more ammoniacal and concentrated the solution, the more rapid the reduction. The strip of copper should not be too thin, as it is considerably attacked, and any little particles which might separate from a thin sheet would contaminate the silver. The operation is so simple that it seems preferable to all others for such operations as the preparation of nitrate of silver from old coins, etc. Any accompanying gold remains behind during the treatment of the metal or alloy with nitric acid. Chloride of silver, produced by the impurities in the nitric acid, is taken up by the ammoniacal solution, like the copper, and is also reduced to the metallic state; and whatever other metal is not left behind, oxidized by the nitric acid, is separated as hydrate, (lead, bismuth), on treating with ammonia. Any arseniate which may have passed into the ammoniacal solution, is not decomposed by the copper.
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Separatist
a small sect calling themselves Separatists Protestant or Separatists, and holding aloof from the Church of England, believing it not sufficient to maintain its Protestant character.
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Separator
in dairying, a machine for separating the milk from the cream. The Babcock separator is constructed on the principle of centrifugal force. The milk enters a revolving drum. The skimmed milk, being heavier than the cream, is thrown outward by the whirling drum and escapes by a set of tubes. The cream, being lighter, remains nearer the center and escapes by a second set of tubes. To obtain the best results, the milk should be at the point of animal heat, and the machine should be operated steadily without jarring or shaking. Under the ordinary method of setting milk in pans, cans, and crocks, it is considered that from an eighth to a fourth of the cream fails to rise. Practically no butter-fat remains in the skimmed milk of the separator.
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Septaria
ovate flattened nodules of argillaceous limestone or ironstone, internally divided into numerous angular fragments by reticulating fissures which radiate from the center to the circumsubstance, as carbonate of lime or sulphate of barytes, that has been infiltrated subsequent to their formation. The radiating figure and the striking contrast between the dark body of argillaceous limestone or ironstone and the more or less transparent sparry veins when the nodule is cut and polished have caused them to be manufactured into small tables and similar objects. Calcareous septarian nodules are extensively employed in the manufacture of what is known commercially as Roman cement, because of its properties being the same as a famous hydraulic cement made of ferruginous volcanic ash brought from Rome. Such septaria occur in layers in clay deposits, and are quarried layers 1 for economical purposes in the clays of the London basin. The septarian nodules of the Carboniferous strata consist generally of clay ironstone, and are sometimes employed in the manufacture of iron. SEPTEMBER (from the Latin septem, seven), the ninth month of our year, but the seventh of the old Roman year, which began in March. It has always contained 30 days.
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September
the seventh month of the old Roman year, the ninth month of the revised calendar. "Thirty days hath September." The Romans celebrated feasts in honor of Juno, Jupiter, and Minerva in September. Charlemagne called it the "Harvest Month." The first Monday in September is observed very generally as " Labor Day ."
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