Sheath Bill
in ornithology, the genus Chionis, made known by the naturalists of Cook's second voyage, a specimen of C. alba having been met with on New Year Island, on Dec. 31, 1774. It resembles a pigeon in size and general appearance; plumage pure white; bill yellow at base, passing into pink at tip; round the eyes the skin is bare, and dotted with cream-colored papillæ; legs bluishgray. In the Falkland Islands it is called the kelp pigeon. Another species was discriminated in 1842 by Dr. Hartlaub; it is smaller than C. alba, with similar plumage, but having the bill and bare skin of the face black and the legs much darker. The sealers of Kerguelen Land call it the sore-eyed pigeon, from its prominent fleshy orbit.
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Sheathing
that which sheathes or covers; specifically, in shipbuilding, a covering, usually thin plates of copper or an alloy containing copper, to protect the bottom of a wooden ship from worms.
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Sheave
the grooved wheel in the shell of a block or pulley over which the In wooden blocks, it is genrope runs. erally of lignum vitæ, and has a brass bushing, called a coak, which runs on bushing, the pin. In locksmithing, a sliding scutcheon for covering a keyhole.
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Sheba
in ancient geography, a kingdom of South Arabia, embracing the greater part of Arabia Felix; named after Sheba, one of the sons of Jokshan, second son of Abraham and Keturah (Gen. xxv. 3-4). The Queen of Sheba visited Solomon, 990 b. c. (І Kings x. 1-13). The Greeks and Romans called the people Sabæi, or Sabæans.
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Sheboygan
a city and county-seat of Sheboygan co., Wis.; on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Sheboygan river, and on the Chicago and Northwestern railroad; 52 miles N. of Milwaukee. Here are a United States Government building, an Asylum for the Chronic Insane, Home for the Friendless, St. Nicholas Hospital, State Fish Hatchery, public library, waterworks, street railroad and electric light plants, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It is the shipping point for an extensive dairying and agricultural region. Sheboygan is chiefly noted for its manufacture of chairs. Besides this industry it has stamped steel and castiron works, and manufactories of furniture, soap, boilers, bicycles, leather, pianos, beehives, boots and shoes, carriages and wagons, and bricks and tiles. Pop. (1910) 26,398; (1920) 30,955.
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Sheep Tick
a well-known dipterous insect (Melophagus ovinus) belonging to the family Hippoboscidæ or horse flies. The pupæ produced from the eggs are shining oval bodies which become attached to the wool of the sheep. From these issue the tick, which is horny, bristly, of a rusty ochre color, and wingless. It fixes its head in the skin of the sheep and extracts the blood, leaving a large round tumor. Called also sheep louse.
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Sheepshead
an esteemed food fish of the Atlantic Coast. In shape and coloring this fish resembles the sunfish and the croppie, but it attains a length of thirty inches. It is related to the sea-bream.
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Sheeptick
. See Tick
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Sheerness
a seaport and royal dockyard in Kent, England; 52 miles E. of London; occupies the N. W. angle of the Isle of Sheppey, and thus commands the mouths of the Thames and Medway. It consists of the four divisions of Blue Town, Mile Town, Westminster, and Marine Town, the last of which has become a favorite watering-place, while the first contains the dockyard and is strongly fortified. Sheerness has two churches, a Roman Catholic chapel (1864), and large naval and military barracks. The dockyard, covering 60 acres, comprises wet and dry docks. Captured by the Dutch under De Ruyter in 1667, Sheerness was shortly after fortified, but the dockyard was not commenced till 1814, since which time large sums have been expended on its construction. Pop. about 18,000.
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Sheet Lead
One method of making sheet lead is to suffer the melted metal to run out of a box or vessel through a long horizontal slit, upon a table covered with sand, when the box is drawn over it, leaving the melted lead behind to congeal. These sheets may then be rolled to any desired thickness, and also made more uniform. A later improved method is to cast thick square blocks of lead, which are subsequently drawn into long sheets between two heavy rolls; the sheet in the meanwhile being supported upon a long table which travels on wooden rollers. Another method is to force the metal by hydraulic power through the annular space formed by an outer cylinder and central core. This makes lead-pipe, which may be slit lengthwise and opened out into sheets. The Chinese pour melted lead upon a paper-protected flagstone, and press it down into a sheet by applying another similarly prepared stone above. See LEAD.
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Shelbyville
a city and countyseat of Shelby co., Ind.; on the Big Blue river, and on the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis, the Cleveland , Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis railroads; 26 miles S. E. of Indianapolis. It is in a rich agricultural section, and has a large general eral trade, flour, saw and planing mills, and manufactories of barrels, ice, glue, soda-fountains, baking powder, carriages, and furniture. Pop. (1910) 9,500; (1920) 9,701,
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Sheldon
CHARLES MONROE, an American clergyman; born in Wellsville, N. Y., Feb. 26, b. 26, 1857; was graduated at Brown University in 1883 and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1886; was ordained in the Congregational Church the same year, and became pastor of the Central Congregational Church, Topeka, Kan., in 1899. In 1912 he resigned to become a "minister-at-large." He was recalled to the Central Church in 1915. He edited the Topeka "Capital" for one week in 1900, as a distinctly Christian of Dutch independence; and they appear himself in opposition to the constituted to have been generally adopted by about authorities by refusing to submit to fag- 1634. Formerly every shell was a hollow ging. At Oxford he published anonysphere of cast iron, having a fusehole an inch across, through which the charge was inserted, consisting of pieces of metal and powder to burst the shell. The hole was plugged by a fuse, timed to communicate fire to the charge after the lapse of a certain number of seconds. Since the introduction of rifled ordnance, the shell has become the commonest form of projectile. It has ceased to be spherical, and is usually of cylindrical form and pointed at the end. In the World War vast quantities of large explosive shells were used to blast the way for attacks. See PROJECTILE; ARTILLERY; AMMUNI- TION; EXPLOSIVES.
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