Shackle
A link with an open end, the extremities of which are forged to receive a pin or bolt, by which means a connection may be made with a chain; or it may be employed to join two chains together. Some are made link-form, and others are made like a ring. Their chief use in the foundry is to handle heavy cores and flasks, for which reason the eyes should be always made large in order that strong pins or bolts may be inserted. If pins are used, one end should be jumped and the other keyed, to prevent slipping out. The nut answers this purpose when a bolt is used. Shakdo is a Japanese bronze of great beauty, the composition of which consists of copper containing from one to ten per cent of gold. Its bluish-black color is preserved by boiling the polished article in an artificial bronze solution composed of sulphate of copper, alum, and verdigris. See BRONZE. Shale is a hard, slaty clay composed chiefly of silica and alumina, but in some instances containing lime and oxide of iron. It forms in the coal-measures and often contains a quantity of bitumen: it is then known as bituminous shale, from which variety shale-oil is obtained by distillation. Shale has a slaty structure, generally grayish black in color, but red when iron is present. Slate-pencils are made from it, and when free from iron and lime it is ground up and used for making fire-bricks. See BITUMEN.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Shackleton
SIR ERNEST HEN- RY, a British Antarctic explorer, born in 1874, at Kilkee, Ireland . He served for a time in the commercial marine and as an officer of the Royal Naval Reserve, serving as a lieutenant under Captain R. F. Scott, on the British National Antarctic expedition, from 1901 to 1904. In 1907 he organized and commanded an expedition during which he made valuable explorations , reaching the south magnetic pole for the first time. He personally led a party which reached the latitude of 88° 27', within 97 miles of the pole. This passed all previous records by 366 geographical miles. He discovered the pole and an enormous glacier, and mountain ranges. The journey cre ended in a vast polar plateau, about 11,000 feet above sea-level. He was engaged, in 1914-16, in an attempt to cross the continent of Antarctica from Coats Land to McMurdoo Sound. The expedition ended by the destruction of its ship, the "Endurance." The crew, after many dangerous adventures, reached Elephant Island, and Shackleton, leaving 23 men on the island, made a voyage with five others in a whale boat, to South Georgia, they are grown for the market in Florida 800 miles distant. After three failures, he finally succeeded in reaching the survivors of the party. Three, however, had perished. During this expedition new land, named Kaird Coast, was discovered. Shackleton was knighted in 1909. He wrote "The Heart of the Antarctic," and "The Diary of a Troopship."
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Shackleton (ROBERT an American writer born)
ROBERT, an American writer, born at Mazomanie, Wis., in 1860. He was educated in the schools of Cleveland, Ohio, and studied law at the University of Michigan, being admitted to the bar in 1881. He was engaged in newspaper work in New York for several years and from 1900 to 1902 was associate editor of "The Saturday Evening Post." He wrote many books in collaboration with his wife on antique furniture, and also books on miscellaneous subjects. Among these are "The Great Adventurer" (1904); "The Quest of the Colonial" (1907); "Adventures in Home- Making" (1910); "The Charm of the Antique" (1914); "Touring Great Britain" (1914); "The Book of Philadelphia" (1919); "The Book of New York" (1917); "The Book of Chicago" (1920).
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Shaddai
One of the ten divine names given in the rabbinical legend of the angelic hierarchies. This essence influences the sphere of the moon: it causes increase and decrease, and rules the jinn and protecting spirits. 66
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
Shadwell
THOMAS, an English dramatist; born in Stanton Hall, Norfolk, England, about 1640. His comedy "The Sullen Lovers," produced in 1668, brought him reputation. Among many other plays, he was the author of "The Virtuoso" (1676); "Lancashire Witches" (1682); "The Squire of Alsatia" (1688); and "Volunteers; or, The Stock-Jobbers" (1693). He became poet-laureate and historiographer royal in 1688, succeeding lantic coast of America, and in some of Dryden in both positions. ("Works," 4 vols. 1720.) He died Nov. 20, 1692.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Shafroth
JOHN FRANKLIN, a United States Senator from Colorado, born at Fayette, Mo., in 1854. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1875 and in the following year was admitted to the bar. After practicing in Fayette, Mo., he removed to Denver. He was city attorney of that city from 1887 to 1891. In 1895 he was elected to Congress, and was re-elected until 1905. He was governor of Colorado from 1909 to 1911, and again from 1911 to 1913. In the latter year he became United States Senator, serving until 1919.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Shafter
WILLIAM RUFUS, an American military officer; born in Galesburg, Mich., Oct. 16, 1835; at the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the 7th Michigan Infantry as a 1st lieutenant, Aug. 22, 1861; engaged in the battles eng of Fair Oaks, Savage Station, Glendale, and Malvern Hill; became major of the 19th Michigan Infantry, Sept. 5, 1862; was in the action at Thompson Station, Tenn. (taken prisoner in March, 1863, and exchanged in May, 1863); became lieutenant-colonel of the 19th Michigan Infantry, June 5, 1863; colonel of the 17th United States colored troops, April WILLIAM RUFUS SHAFTER 19, 1864; brevet brigadier-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious services during the war; and was mustered out of the volunteer service Nov. 2, 1865. He entered the regular army and became lieutenant-colonel of the 41st Infantry, Jan. 26, 1867; assigned to the 24th Infantry, April 14, 1869; colonel of 1st Infantry, March 4, 1879; and brigadiergeneral May 3, 1897. On the breaking out of the Spanish-American War he was given command of the army mobilized for the invasion of Cuba; his first decisive move was the landing of 16,000 men in Cuba in about 12 hours without an accident. For details of this campaign see SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. He commanded the Department of California in 1899-1901, and was retired June 30, 1901. He died Nov. 12, 1906.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia