Simnel
LAMBERT, an impostor who was put forward by a party of malcontent leaders of the York faction early in the reign of Henry VII. He was trained to personate Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick, son of the murdered Duke of Clarence. Simnel was crowned at Dublin, and landed with his followers in Lancashire. They were totally defeated near Newark, June 16, 1487, when most of the leaders in the recent rebellion perished. Simnel ended his days as a domestic in the royal service.
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Simoom
or Simoon, an Arabic name for the dust storms of Africa and Arabia. Under the intense heat of the noonday sun vast tracts of sand become almost as hot as boiling water, and create atmospheric disturbances not unlike the so-called cyclones of the West. Powerful currents of air catch up and carry along clouds of blinding dust finer than flour. Caravans caught in a simoom are exposed to as great a danger as travelers caught in a blizzard. Usually, the storm lasts but a few minutes or an hour, in which case, the camels lie down on the sand, close their eyes, and nostrils, while their masters cover their heads with shawls and wait for the blast to blow over. Sometimes, however, the simoom lasts for several hours, or even two or three days, in which case entire caravans may be buried beneath sand from which they never rise. See Wind ; Camel ; Sahara
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Simple Pendulum
A purely theoretical Pendulum, having no dimensions except length and no weight except at the center of oscillation. A material point suspended by an ideal line. The nearest approach to a simple pendulum is a heavy weight suspended by a fine silk thread, although this is known as a compound or physical pendulum.
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Simplon Tunnel
a tunnel through the Alps, Alps, os, designed to g give France and Switzerland direct communication by rail with Milan, the greatest distributing point in Italian trade. Work was begun on the tunnel in 1898, and it was completed Feb. 24, 1905. The Simplon tunnel begins in Switzerland near the little town of Brig, in the valley of the Rhône, Canton Wallis, and ends in the valley of the Diveria, on the Italian side near Isella. It is perfectly straight, except for a small curve at the ingress and egress. The tunnel was opened for traffic on Jan. 25, 1906, when the first passenger train passed through.
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Simpson College
a coeducational institution in Indianola, Ia.; founded in 1867 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 28; students, 528; president, J. W. Campbell, Ph.D.
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Sinaloa
one of the Pacific States of Mexico; area, 27,557 square miles. Pop. (1912) 329,317. Capital, Culiacan (pop. 22,000). It contains over 100 mining districts chiefly producing silver. The annual sale of cattle is about $9,000,000. Crops, $8,000,000. Revenue, $11,000,000.
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Sinew
. See Muscle
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Sing Sing
the name of a famous prison located at the town of Ossining, Westchester County, New York . It is situated on the Hudson, thirty-two miles above New York City. Its management is humane and progressive and reforms introduced there have been adopted in other prisons, both in this country and abroad. The name of the town of Ossining was also Sing Sing at first, but the unpleasant notoriety attached to the prison resulted in a change of name, made on the initiative of the citizens in 1901. Ossining is, it will be seen, a variant of Sing Sing, both being derived from an Indian word meaning a stony place. The town, which has a population of about 8,000, is built on rocky hills overlooking Tappan Bay and commands a beautiful view of the Hudson River .
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Singan-Fu
the capital of the province of Shen-si, in northwest China. It was long the capital of the empire, and is still of strategic and commercial importance. Silk, tea, and sugar are the principal articles of commerce. Pop. about 1,000,000.
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Singeing
sin'jing, in cloth making, the process of removing the nap or fuzz from the surface of textiles by means of heat. If fabrics are to be printed, singeing is a necessity. The cloth to be singed is first brought into contact with brushes which raise the loose nap. The cloth is then passed over and pressed against heavy platinum plates heated to almost white heat by electricity. Great care is taken that the cloth run smoothly, as any delay would result in its destruction. The cloth is passed over the plates so rapidly that about 125 yards are singed in one minute. Gas singeing is another method. In this, the cloth is drawn over a row of smokeless Bunsen gas flames. The process is called "gassing."
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Singer
ISIDORE, an American Jewish editor and author, born at Weisskirchen, Moravia, in 1859. He was educated in the universities of Vienna and Berlin, and for a time edited and published a newspaper in Vienna. He served as secretary and librarian of the French Ambassador at Vienna and afterward was an employee in the French Foreign Office. After editing papers in France and Italy, he came, in 1895, to New York, where he engaged upon his life work, the "Jewish Encyclopedia," which was published in 12 volumes, in 1905. He was managing editor of the "International Insurance Encyclopedia," in 1909, and of the "German Classics of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries," completed in 20 volumes, in 1914. He was the author and editor of many works and was considered to be one of the most learned men of his time.
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Single Standard
a phrase used in the discussion of BIMETALLISM (q. v.), to indicate a single standard of value; that is gold alone or silver alone. Double standard means the concurrent use of both metals as standards.
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Single-Beat Escapement
An escapement in which each tooth of the escape wheel delivers but one impulse, the entire space between one tooth and the next passing each time, as in the chronometer and duplex.
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Singleton
ESTHER, an American author, born at Baltimore, Md. She was educated at Baltimore. Her works include: "Turrets, Towers and Temples, دو "Great Pictures," "Wonders of Nature," "Romantic Castles and Palaces," "Famous Paintings," "Historic Buildings," "Famous Women," "Golden Rod Fairy Book," "A Guide to Modern Opera," "Furniture of Our Forefathers," "The Story of the White House," "A Guide to Great Cities," "History of American Music," "The Orchestra and Its Instruments."
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