Saint Andrew's
UNIVERSITY OF, an ancient Scottish university. The university rose out of a school founded by a colony of Scotch-Irish monks from Columcille's foundation at Iona, renewed by Bishop Wardlaw in 1411, and confirmed by a bull of Pope Benedict XIII. Like Oxford in England, it was modeled on the plan of the University of Paris and based its teaching largely on the scriptures and theology. There were three colleges in the 16th ce century: St. Salvator, St. Leonard, and St. Mary, and these, after the Reformation, became the strongholds of Protestantism. In 1579 the colleges were reorganized, so that theology was made the principal study at St. Mary's, while St. Salvator and St. Leonard took over the teaching of philosophy, law and medicine. University College at Dundee was affiliated with Saint Andrew's in 1890. The number of students is (1921) 830.
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Saint Catharine's College
a college of Cambridge University, founded in 1473. It is one of the smaller Cambridge colleges, having about 30 scholars. ST. CHARLES, a city and county-seat of St. Charles co., Mo.; on the Misrouri river, the Wabash, and the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railroads; 22 miles W. of St. Louis. It contains Lindenwood Female College, St. Charles College (M. E. S.), the Convent of the Sacred Heart, electric lights, St. Charles Borromeo and St. Charles Libraries, National and savings banks, and a number of daily and weekly newspapers. An iron railroad and highway bridge, built at a cost of $1,750,000, crosses the river here. In the vicinity are several quarries of limestone. The city has a woolen factory, a large bridge-building plant, flour mills, manufactures of railroad cars, etc. Pop. (1910) 9,437; (1920) 8,503. ST. CHRISTOPHER. See KITT'S, ST.
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Saint Clair
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Schuylkill co. It is on the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads. It is the center of an important anthracite coal region and coal mining is the leading industry. Pop. (1910) 5,640; (1920) 6,585. ST. CLAIR, lake in North America, between Lake Huron and Lake Erie, and connected with the former by St. Clair river, with the latter by Detroit river. It is 30 miles long, greatest breadth 24 miles, area 360 square miles. It contains several fine islands. The river St. Clair, which separates Canada and the United States, is about 40 miles long, 1 mile wide, and navigable.
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Saint Grail
the Holy Cup or Grail, said to be from Modern Latin gradale, a cup; but supposed by some to be a corruption of the Old French le Sang Real, i. e., the true blood of Christ. This sacred relic, preserved preserved in an emerald cup, is said in legendary history to have been brought to England by Joseph of Arimathea. According to the romantic story of King Arthur it could only be discovered by one possessed of perfect virtue; and the "Quest of the St. Grail" by the Knights of the Round Table, of whom the perfect champion, Sir Galahad (in other legends Parsifal), was favored by its discovery, is narrated therein at great length.
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Saint Marys
a city of Ohio, in Auglaize co. It is on the Miami and Érie Canal, St. Marys river, and on the Lake Erie Erie and Western and the Toledo and Ohio Central railroads. It is an important industrial community, having manufactories of machinery, wool, lumber products, strawboard, paper, flour, cigars, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,732; (1920) 5,679.
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Saint Petersburg
a city of Florida in Pinellas co. It is on the peninsula separating Tampa Bay from the Gulf of Mexico, and is on the Atlantic Coast and the Tampa and Gulf Coast lines. It has an excellent harbor and in recent years has developed an important commerce. It is also a favorite winter resort. The population since 1910 has rapidly increased. Pop. (1910) 4,127; (1920) 14,237. ST. PETERSBURG. See PETROGRAD. ST. PIERRE, the largest town, though not the capital, of the island of MARTIN- IQUE (q. v.), W. I. It was founded in 1665, and at the time of its destruction by an eruption of Mont Pelée in 1902 it had a population of from 26,000 to 30,- 000, and was of considerable commercial importance. It was the birthplace of Josephine, consort of Napoleon I.
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Saint Pierre and Miquelon
a French colony, 10 miles S. of Newfoundland, consisting of the three islands of Saint Pierre, Ile-aux-Chiens, and Miquelon, having in all an area of 93 square miles. They are only moderately fertile, but are of importance as the center of the French cod fisheries, which employ many thousand persons, with exports amounting to nearly $3,000,000 per annum. The capital of the colony is Saint Pierre, where the headquarters of the governor are situated, and a representative of the colony sits in the French Chamber of Deputies. The capital has cable communication with Europe and lines of steamers run between it and Boston and Halifax. Pop. about 6,000. The islands were the subject of controversies and wrangling between French and English from 1713 to 1816, but in the latter year France was confirmed in their possession.
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Saintonge
a former French maritime province, now forming mainly the department of Charente-Inférieure. The capital was Saintes. ST. PATRICK. See PATRICK, ST.
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Saionji
MARQUIS KINMOCHI, a Japanese statesman and a member of the Japanese peace delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He was born in Kyoto in 1849, and in his youth took part in the political activities following the revolution of 1868. From 1869 to 1880 he studied in Paris. On his return to Japan he joined Prince Ito and other advocates of liberal reform ideas. He was a member of the commission which studied foreign governments, in 1882. He served as Japanese Minister at Vienna and at Berlin, and held various important posts in the Japanese Government, becoming, in 1903, leader of the Constitutional Party. From 1906 to 1908 he was Prime Minister and again in 1911-12.
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Sais
an ancient Egyptian city, on the right bank of the Canopic branch of the Nile. It gave its name to two Egyptian dynasties, the 24th and 26th, founded by natives of the city. Sais was important as a religious capital, and had a famous temple of the goddess Neith and the tomb of Osiris. Toward the decline of the 26th dynasty transferred hither the capital of the kingdom. It was also a renowned seat of learning, and was frequently visited by the sages of Greece. The legend of the mysterious veiled statue in the temple at Sais (which formed the subject of Schiller's ballad and of Novalis' romance) is the issue of Greek invention.
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