Shields (JOHN KNIGHT an American public)
JOHN KNIGHT, an American public official, born at C Tenn., in 1858. He was privately educated and after studying law, was admitted to the bar in 1879. From 1892 to 1894 he was chancellor of the 12th Chancery Division of Tennessee, and from 1902 to 1910 was associate justice of the Supreme Court. He acted as chief justice from 1910 to 1913. In the latter year he entered the United States Senate. He was re-elected in 1918 .
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Shields (SOUTH a municipal)
SOUTH, a municipal and parliamentary borough of England, in the county of Durham, near the mouth of the Tyne, opposite to North Shields, in Northumberland (pop. about 10,000), and communicating with it by steam ferry. The industries comprise glass, earthenware, alkali and chemicals , cordage, steam engine boilers, and chain cables and anchors, besides shipbuilding . The ports of North Shields and South Shields, formed by an expansion of the river into a wide bay, have been greatly improved and deepened by dredging and the construction of piers, and are capable of containing vessels of any size at their quays. Pop. (1919) 116,152. of Tibet; on the Sanpo or Brahmaputra
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Shikarpur
an important trading town and capital of a district in the N. of Sind, India, 18 miles W. of the Indus, on the railway leading to Quetta and Pishin. Before the opening of this railway it was a place of very considerable commercial importance, owing to its situation on one of the principal routes between India and Khorassan-viz.: that by the Bolan Pass. It occupies a very low site, the adjacent country being often inundated, but the soil is extremely fertile and yields heavy crops of grain and fruits. Carpets, coarse cottons, furniture, baskets, etc., are made in the town. Pop. about 54,000.
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Shilka
a river of Eastern Siberia; rises in the Trans-Baikal region, among the Yablonoi mountains, and after a N. E. course of 260 miles falls into the Amur, a little beyond Ust Strelka. It is navigable for boats to the foot of the Yablonoi mountains, and is historically interesting as the "point of departure" for the Russians in their conquests on the Lower Amur.
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Shiloh
in sacred geography, a town of Ephraim, Palestine, situated about nineteen miles northeast of Jerusalem. It lay in a plain and was a convenient meeting place for Israel. The ark of the covenant rested in a sanctuary here before Jerusalem was made the capital. Shiloh may therefore be regarded as the capital of Israel for a time. The name has been given to a locality on the Tennessee River eighty-eight miles east of Memphis.
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Shiloh
a town of the tribe of Ephraim, the first permanent resting-place of the Tabernacle; the home of Eli and Samuel; and long the religious center of Israel. The site is well ascertained-a ruinous village_hidden among the hills 20 miles N. of Jerusalem.
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Shiloh
BATTLE OF, one of the most memorable battles of the American Civil War. Shiloh was a locality in Hardin co., Tenn., near Pittsburgh Landing, on the Tennessee, and 88 miles E. of Memphis. It took its name from a log chapel known as "Shiloh Church." The battle was fought on April 6 and 7, 1862, Grant and Sherman leading the Federals, and Albert S. Johnston and Beauregard the Confederates. The first day the Confederates, taking the Federals by surprise, drove them from their lines with heavy loss in men and guns; but the second day the Federals, having received reinforcements under Buell, and largely outnumbering the Confederates, regained their lines, and forced the Confederates to retreat to their former position at Corinth. General Johnston was killed on the first day. The Federal loss was placed at 13,573; the Confederate at 10,699.
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Shimonoseki
a town of Japan, , at the S. W. extremit extremity of the main island and the W. entrance to the Inland Sea; declared a seaport open to foreign traders in 1890. The batteries and a part of the town itself were destroyed during a bombardment by a combined English, French, Dutch, and American fleet in 1864. Here the peace between China and Japan was negotiated after the war of 1894. Pop. (1918) 67,866.
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Shingking
or SHENGKING, Its FENGTIEN area is 56,000, a province square miles of, Manchuria and though smaller than the other provinces of Manchuria, it is the richest and most important. It contains the Shan-a-lin mountains and the rivers Liao, Tayang, and Yalu Kiang. The industries agriculture, cattle-raising, and mining. Tobacco, opium, wheat, millet, cotton, and oil are among the products. acts. There are good roads and two railways. Chief ports: Port Arthur (q. v.), Talienwan, and Newchwang (q. v.). Capital, Mukden. Japanese influence succeeded Russian in the province in 1905. Pop. about 5,500,000.
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Shingles
a popular name for an eruptive skin disease, Herpes zoster, which usually starts from the backbone and goes half round the body, forming a belt of inflamed patches with clustered vesicles. It is sometimes produced by sudden exposure to cold after violent exercise, and sometimes follows acute affections of the respiratory organs. It is a self-limited or cyclical disease, usually. running its course in about a fortnight.
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Shingling
The process of detaching impurities, as cinder, etc., from the blooms of puddled iron by hammering or compressing the ball, and thus preparing it for immediate conversion into bar iron by rolling. See MALLEABLE IRON; ROTARY SQUEEZER.
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Shinn
CHARLES HOWARD, an American forester, born in Austin, Tex., in 1852. He was educated at the University of California, and Johns Hopkins University. From 1879 to 1889 he taught school and engaged in newspaper and magazine work in San Francisco, Baltimore, and New York. In 1902 he became agent and expert of the United States Bureau of Forestry, and successively served as head forest ranger, Department the of Interior; supervisor of the Sierra National Forest, California; and forest examiner, district five. He was a member of various domestic and foreign arboricultural and horticultural societies. He published, besides many papers, reports, articles, and monographs on forestry, social science, and literary topics, "Land Laws of Mining Districts" (1884); '; "Mining Camps" (1885); "Co-operation on the Pacific Coast" (1888); "Story of a Mine" ( 1890). He also acted as associate editor of Bailey's Standard Cyclopædia of American Horticulture" (6 volumes).
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