Smiley
ALBERT KEITH, an American humanitarian, born at Vassalboro, Me., in 1828. He graduated from Haverford College in 1849, and was an instructor in that institution until 1853. In 1853 he founded, together with his brother, the English and Classical Academy in Philadelphia. For a number of years following he was principal of schools in Philadelphia and at Providence, R. I. His chief work, however, was the establishment of the Lake Mohonk Conference, at Mohonk Lake, where annual meetings for the discussion of humanitarian and social subjects are held. In 1889 he purchased a large tract of land at Redlands, Cal., part of which he made into a park. He died in 1912.
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Smillie
ROBERT, a British labor leader, born in Scotland in 1859. He was educated in the board schools and at first worked as a miner. Rising as an official of his trade union, he became in 1894 president of the Scottish Miners' Federation, and later president of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. He was one of the most strenuous fighters in behalf of the movement for the nationalization of mines.
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Smith College
an educational non-sectarian institution for women in Northampton, Mass.; founded in 1875; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 123; students, 2,103; president, W. A. Neilson, LL.D.
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Smith Helene
The nom-de-guerre of a trance medium who came under the observation of Professor Flournoy. Born about 1863, at the age of twenty-nine she joined a spiritualist circle and soon developed powerful mediumistic faculties. In 1894 M. Flournoy was admitted to the circle and thenceforward examined with much interest the clairvoyance and trance impersonations of Hélène. In the winter of 1894 she purported to have visited, during trance, the planet Mars, and many of her trance discourses after that date contain descriptions of Martian life-manners, dress, scenery. At length she claimed to have learned the language of the sister-planet, and this language she spoke with fluency and consistency. (See Martian Language .) Professor Flournoy however, found no evidence sufficient to justify any belief in a supernormal faculty, unless it be telepathy.
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Smith's Island
a small island of North Carolina, off the coast of New Hanover co., and at the mouth of Cape Fear river; 20 miles S. of Wilmington. Its most S. point is Cape Fear. It has a lighthouse.
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Smith, Francis Hopkinson
Francis Hopkinson (1838-), an American painter and author. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was educated as a mechanical engineer and has planned and supervised the construction of several important buildings. His artistic work is chiefly in water color and charcoal, his sketches of Venice being specially worthy of praise. As an author he is best known for Colonel Carter of Cartersville. Other works are A White Umbrella in Mexico, Gondola Days, The Fortunes of Oliver Horn, Colonel Carter's Christmas, and Tom Grogan.
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Smith-Dorrien
SIR HORACE LOCKWOOD, a British general, born in 1858. He was educated at Harrow and entered the Sherwood Foresters (Derby regiment) in 1876. He served in the Zulu War in 1879, the Egyptian War in 1882, the Soudan campaign in 1885, in the Tirah campaign in India in 1897-8, and in the South African War in 1900 was major-general commanding a brigade and a division. He was also active in the World War in 1914-15, after having held the Southern Command in England during the two previous years. In 1914-15 he commanded the 2nd Army Corps and then the 2nd army in the British Expeditionary Force. In 1915-16 he commanded the British forces fighting the Germans in East Africa.
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Smithson
JAMES, an English philanthropist; natural son of Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland; born in England about 1765; was graduated at Oxford in 1786, and elected a member of the Royal Society in 1787. His first paper presented to the society in 1791 was "An Account of Some Chemical Experiments on Tabasheer," and was followed from time to time by others treating of the chemical analysis of minerals, etc. In 1835 his property, amounting to $508,318, came into the possession of the United States Government, having been bequeathed by him "for the purpose of founding an institution at Washington, D. C., to be called the Smithsonian Institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." He died in Genoa, Italy, June 27, 1829.
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Smoky Hill River
or SMOKY HILL FORK, a river whose source is in eastern Colorado, and which flows into the State of Kansas. It traverses Gove, Trego, Ellis, Russell and Ellsworth counties, and 10 miles W. of Abilene unites with the Solomon river, the two streams forming the Kansas river. On both banks are extensive fertile prairies. It is 400 miles long.
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Smoky Mountains
a range on the boundary of North Carolina and Tennessee; is a part of the Appalachian system. Mount Guyot, 6,636 feet high, and Clingman's Peak, 6,660 feet high, are among its loftiest summits.
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Smolensk
a town of Russia in Europe, capital of a government of the same name, on the Dnieper, 230 miles tempt to establish himself as a physician, S. W. of Moscow. It is the see of an archbishop, and has three cathedrals, numerous other churches, monasteries, and an episcopal palace. It has, besides, numerous schools, a college, hospitals, a house of correction, and assembly rooms. Manufactures, linens, leather, carpets, and soap. Smolensk was the scene of an obstinate conflict between the French and Russians, Aug. 16-17, 1812, in which victory is claimed on both sides. The day following, Aug. 18, the French returning to the attack, found the city deserted and in ruins. Pop. about 76,000.
a government of Russia. It is hilly in the N., and level in the S., and has an area of 21,624 square miles. It is watered by the Dnieper and Düna and several tributaries of the Volga and the Oka. Forests cover one-third of the soil. Manufacturing industries are developing and there is also considerable stock-raising. Oil, textiles, and lumber are among the chief products. The government was a mediæval principality and is mentioned in 1054. Tartars took possession of it and Lithuania held it in the 15th century. It was united to Russia in 1654. The capital is Smolensk. Pop. about 2,250,000.
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