Each of these 14 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
in ornithology, the Nyctea scandiaca, a native of the N. of , visiting and breed- Europe and America ing in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. plumage is pure white, In old birds the but in younger and adult birds each feather is tipped with dark brown or black. The length of the adult male is about 20 inches, that of the female four or five inches more. It flies by day and preys on the smaller mammalia and on various birds which it is able to capture.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a river of Australia, in New South Wales and Victoria; length, 240 miles, 160 of which are in New South Wales.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
An attachment cast to or bolted on flasks. Two or more snugs meet at the joint of the flask; one set has pins, the other holes to receive them, constituting a guide. See LUGS.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Some of the kettles for this purpose are covered in and provided with a large bend-pipe to receive the vapors. The watery matter is condensed, and drawn off at the bottom; the inflammable vapors are drawn under the fire. See PANS. Soapstone is steatite, and termed soapstone because of the smooth, greasy feel it has between the fingers. It is a hydrated silicate of magnesia--a massive variety of talc, which when pure and compact is highly refractory, and suitable for furnace-linings and for the manufacture of fire-brick. Soapstone, ground very fine and mixed with carbon facings, makes an excellent material for coating the moulds of hollow ware and stove-plate castings, being especially useful as a return-facing for printing with. See RETURN-FACING; PRINTING.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
a river of England, which flows N. through Leicestershire, taking Leicester on its course, and joins the Trent jo about 12 miles E. S. E. of Derby, whence to Leicester it is navigable by barges.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the national assembly of BULGARIA (q. v.).
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
or ORIGINAL CONTRACT, that imaginary bond of union which keeps mankind together, and which consists in a sense of mutual weakness and dependence. Jean Jacques Rousseau maintained that the natural and proper state of man is the savage state, when he possesses complete con liberty, and that every social organization is an infraction of natural right. All men he believed are born equal, and society is founded on a social contract. His views on the subject prepared the way for the three Revolution
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the systematic investigation of questions relating to public and domestic hygiene, education, labor, the punishment and reformation of criminals, the prevention of pauperism, and the like. The "Sociétés de Bienfaisance" (Beneficent Societies), established in France in the 18th century, were founded for the purpose of discussing similar matters, and the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science originated in meeting, in 1857, 57, at the house of Lord Brougham (1778-1868), when he was appointed the first president. The association held annual meetings, and published its proceedings, classed under the heads of Jurisprudence, Education, Punishment and Reformation, Public Health, Social Economy, and Trade and International Law, but its action was temporarily suspended in 1884. Since its establishment social science has made great advances in most civilized countries, notably in precautions against disease, the reconstitution of hospital charities, the regulation of prisons and workhouses, the establishment of reformatories for young criminals and penitentiaries for fallen women, and the extension of middleclass and industrial education. The word has also been used to designate the science now termed SOCIOLOGY (q. v.).
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
AMERICAN, was founded in Boston, Mass., in 1865, for the purpose of investigating and studying all those social problems which come under the following heads: community health; education and art; social economy; finance; and jurisprudence. The membership of the association throughout the country is at present about 1,200. Its official organ is "The Journal of Social Science."
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
CHRISTIAN, a name English first taken by a small group of cenreformers, in the forties of the last Tom tury, led by Vansittart Neale, School- Hughes, author of "Tom Brown's , the 1 days," and Canon Charles Kingsley the "Chrisnoted novelist. They attached tian" to their Socialism to distinguish themselves from the revolutionary So- Engels, and to cialists led by Marx and Robert indicate their repudiation of theories, Owen's atheism, whose economic part however, they adopted in large . prede- They are undoubtedly the natural cessors of the modern Syndicalists, in that they believed that the workers should own the tools of production. This they wished to bring about by establishing self-governing workshops, which should be owned by the employes and the profits of which should be divided among the same employes. Their experiments never showed the vitality of growth, and the movement, also known under the name of productive co-operation and co-partnership, is today practically dead. More recently a group of Marxian Socialists has appeared, which bases its propaganda on the belief that the teachings of Christ were essentially Socialistic, in that they advocated the brotherhood of man and denounced the possession of riches. This point of view is most ably expounded in Bouck White's "The Call of the Carpenter" (1912).
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Associations formed for the practice of magnetism by the pupils of F. A. Mesmer. The first Society for Psychical Research Société de l' Harmonie was formed at Paris, and its members seem to have acted in a manner that was anything but harmonious, for, after some quarrelling among themselves they at length broke their contract with Mesmer, whereby they promised before being admitted to his lectures, that they would not practice on their own account, or give away the secret of his methods, without his consent. Other Societies of Harmony soon sprang up, the most important being that of Strasbourg, founded in 1785 by de Puységur.
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
He died March 3, 1702, and was buried in St. Helen's church, London.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
an archipelago in the South Pacific, lying between lat.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
A water or gas pipe with a bell and spigot at its respective ends. The bell receives the spigot end of another pipe, with some clearance for lead or other packing with which to make a tight joint. A depression in the bell holds the packing, and the collar on the end of the spigot prevents the latter from slipping out. See CAST-IRON PIPES.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding