Single-source entries: S (9)

Sale

SIR ROBERT HENRY, a British military officer; born in 1782. He entered the army at a very early age, and his brilliant military career supplies some stirring pages in the history of the British Indian empire of the first half of the 19th century. In India, Burma, Afghanistan, wherever he was employed, he distinguished himself, especially in Afghanistan, where he forced Dost Mohammed Khan to surrender, and inflicted a crushing defeat on Akbar Khan at Jalalabad (1842), subsequently assisting in the recapture of Kabul. He died in 1845.

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Sale (Law that transaction)

in law, that transaction by which the ownership of property is transferred from one person to another in consideration of a money payment made by the buyer to the seller. If it be a commutation of goods for goods, it is more properly an exchange. In order to the validity of a sale, it is necessary that the parties act in good faith; for it is a maxim in law that fraud vitiates all contracts. Neither is a sale valid if the subject-matter of it is illegal or prohibited, or if an essential part part of it involves an illegal act. In order to constitute a sale, the consent of each of the parties is required; and hence each must be legally qualified to consent.

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Saleratus

a salt intermediate in composition between a carbonate and a bicarbonate of potash, prepared from pearl-ash by exposing it to carbonic acid gas; much used in making bread, to neutralize acetic acid, or tartaric taric acid, and thus render the bread light by the escape of the carbonic acid gas.

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Salerno

a city of southern Italy; on the gulf of the same the town is crowned by an old Norman castle. The beautiful Gothic cathedral of St. Matthew (whose bones were brought from Pæstum in 954) was erected by the Normans (1076-1084), and has in front of it a quadrangle of porphyry and granite pillars and inside it monuments of Gregory VII. and Margaret of Durazzo. One of its doors is of bronze, Byzantine work. The city was celebrated in the Middle Ages for its university (founded in 1150, closed in 1817), but especially for its school of medicine (Schola Salernitana), which was long the first in Europe. In the neighborhood are the ruins of PÆSTUM (q. v.). There are a couple of small harbors. Cotton is spun. Originally a Roman colony (194 B. c.), Salerno figures little in history histor till after it was taken by Robert Guiscard, who made it his capital. But the removal of the Norman court to Palermo and the sack of the city by the Emperor Henry VI. struck serious blows at its prosperity, and a third came from the decay of the medical school in the 14th century. Pop. about 49,000.

GULF OF, a nearly semicircular indentation, separated from the Bay of Naples by the promontory ending in Point Campanella. On its shores stand Amalfi and Salerno.

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Saleyer

or SALAYER, ISLANDS, a group of islands in the Indian Ocean; S. of Celebes, from which Great Saleyer is separated by the Saleyer Strait. They are about 70 in number; pop. about 80,000. Mohammedan Malays governed by native rajahs under a Netherlands agent. Ebony, tea, indigo, coffee, earth fruits, and cotton, are among the products.

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Salic

a term applied to a law or code of laws established by the Salian Franks; specifically applied to one chapter of the Salian code regarding succession to certain lands, which was limited to heirs male, to the exclusion of females, chiefly because certain military duties were connected with the holding of those lands. In the 14th century females were excluded from the throne of France by the application of the Salic law to the succession of the crown.

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Salicylate of Soda

2NaC7H503, H2O; sodium salicylate, prepared by mixing 100 parts of pure salicylic acid with sufficient water to form a paste, and then adding 104 parts of pure sodic carbonate. Like salicylic acid it is a powerful antiseptic, and is frequently added to beers, wines, etc., to preserve them. It is highly recommended as a specific for rheumatism, the dose varying from 10 to 30 grains.

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Salicylic Acid

in chemistry, C7H6O3=(C7H4O)" O2, spinoylic acid, H2 ortho-hydroxy-benzoic acid, a dibasic acid existing ready formed in the flowers of Spiræa ulmaria, and obtained synthetiheating sodium phenol to a stream cally by the oxidation of saligenin, or by of carbon anhydride. Salicylic acid is employed as an antiseptic and antiputre- One gra grain added to each factive agent. ounce of a fermenting liquid will at once the power arrest fermentation. It has of preserving for a time milk, fresh meat, albumin, etc., and is used in the surgery, starch, to either alone or mixed with destroy the fetid odor of cancerous surfaces or uncleansed wounds. compounds formed by

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Salicylites

com the action of salicylol on metallic oxides , those of the alkali metals and hydrates being moderately soluble in water, the others insoluble. (1) Salicylite of ammonia, C7H5 (NH4) O2, obtained by shaking salicylol with strong ammonia at a gentle heat, crystallizes in yellow needles, in alcohol, and melting at 115°. insoluble , (2) Salicylite of copper, C14H10Cu"O4 is obtained by agitating an alcoholic solution of salicylol with aqueous cupric acetate. It crystallizes in iridescent green needles, very slightly soluble in water and alcohol.

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Salina

a city, and county-seat of Salina co., Kan.; on the Smoky Hill river, and on the Missouri Pacific, the Union Pacific, the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa , Rock Island and Pa- Fé, and the Chicago . cific railroads; 100 miles W. of Topeka It contains the Kansas Wesleyan University (M. E.), Normal University, St. John's School (P. E.), street railroads, electric lights, numerous churches, public library, Y. M. C. A. building, National and other banks, and daily and weekly newspapers. Salina has a foundry and machine shops, wholesale stores, paper, flour, and planing mills, and several grain elevators. Near the city are important gypsum quarries and salt springs. Pop. (1910) 9,678; (1920) 15,085.

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Salina Formation

a name given in North America to one of the subdivisions of the Silurian system, which appears to be equivalent to the lower portion of the Ludlow rocks of the British series.

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