Soldering Stone Set Rings
There are various ways for doing this, but the following will be found as good as any: Take tissue paper and tear it into strips about three inches wide, twist them into ropes, and then make them very wet and wrap the stone with them, passing around the stone and through the ring until the center of the ring is a little more than half full of paper, always winding very close, and then fasten upon charcoal, allowing the stone to project over the edge of the charcoal, and solder very quickly. The paper will prevent oxidation upon the part of the ring it covers, as well as protecting the stone.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Sole
a salt water fish of the flatfish type; for which see TURBOT. Ten to twenty inches long. Weight, one to ten pounds. It frequents sandy shores in search of shellfish, and is taken by a trawl net dragged over the bottom of the sea. The sole season lasts from early spring till autumn. The markets of Paris and London receive immense quantities. Billingsgate market, London, disposes of 75,000 to 100,000 bushels of soles a year.
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Solent
that part of the British Channel separating the N. W. shore of the Isle of Wight from the mainland of Hampshire, and extending between the Needles and West Cowes. It has a width varying from 2 to 5 miles, and affords a safe and well-sheltered roadstead.
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Solferino
a village and commune of Italy, in the province and 18 miles N. W. of Mantua. In 1796 the Austrians were here defeated by the French prior to the siege of Mantua ; it was here also, June 24, 1859, that a battle was fought between the French and Sardinians on the one side and the Austrians on the other, resulting in the defeat of the latter and the subsequent treaty of Villa. franca.
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Solid
as distinguished from liquids and gases, one of the three states of matter. A solid tends to retain its shape. A piece of wood, iron, or stone, however small, is a solid. Under the influence of heat and chemical action, all known solids may be changed into liquids and gases. Under pressure and the withdrawal of heat, most if not all gases have been reduced to liquids and solids. Freshly made putty, butter, and cheese are soft solids, while steel and granite are hard solids. See Hardness ; for geometrical solids, see CUBE; CONE; SPHERE, etc.
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Solid Shot
See HOLLOW SHOT. Solubility, or Solubleness, is the susceptibility of a body to being dissolved in a fluid. Solution is favored by whatever weakens cohesion. When the force of adhesion of the particles of a liquid for a solid exceeds the whole cohesive force of the latter, its cohesion is overcome and solution occurs, which means that the solid disappears and mixes uniformly with the liquid. See SATURATION; ADHESION.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Solids
Matter exists in three forms--solid, liquid, and gaseous. When the particles of a body cohere, as in ice, metals, etc., so that they cannot move among themselves, it is said to be a solid. All solids, except clay, are expanded by heat, but not equally. (See EXPANSION.) Clay contracts in baking and ever afterwards remains so. Solids are melted by heat, and the process is termed liquefaction. A solid is firm and compact, and, unlike fluids, offers a sensible resistance to penetration and impression. See FLUIDS.
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Solingen
a town of Prussia; 13 miles E. of Düsseldorf and not far from the river Wupper . Ever since the 12th or 13th century it has been famous for its steel and iron ware, especially for sword blades, helmets, cuirasses , knives, scissors, surgical instruments, etc., which, before the World War, were exported to all parts of the world. Solingen has also iron foundries, cigar factories, etc. Pop. about 50,000.
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Solomon's Song
called also the
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Solomon, Mirror of
The method of making the Mirror of Solomon, which is used for purposes of divination, is as follows: Take a shining and well-polished plate of fine steel, slightly concave, and with the blood of a white pigeon inscribe at the four corners the names-Jehovah, Eloym, Metatron, Adonay. Place the mirror in a clean and white cloth, and when you behold a new moon during the first hour after sunset, repeat a prayer that the angel Anaël may command and ordain his companions to act as they are instructed; that is, to assist the operator in divining from the mirror. Then cast upon burning coals a suitable perfume, at the same time uttering a prayer. Repeat this thrice, then breathe upon the mirror and evoke the angel Anaël. The sign of the cross is then made upon the operator and upon the mirror for forty-five days in succession-at the end of which period Anaël appears in the form of a beautiful child to accomplish the operator's wishes. Sometimes he appears on the fourteenth day, according to the devotion and fervour of the operator. The perfume used in evoking him is saffron.
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Solstice
in astronomy, the time when the sun is in one of the solstitial points that is, when it is at its greatest distance from the equator-and is so called because he then appears to stand still, and not to change his distance from the equator for some time. There are two solstices in each year-the summer and the winter solstice. The former is when the sun seems to enter the tropic of Cancer, which is on June 21, the longest day; the latter solstice is when the sun enters the first degree, or seems to describe the tropic of Capricorn, which is on Dec. 22, the shortest da day. This is only to be understood of the Northern Hemisphere, as in the Southern the sun's entrance into Capricorn makes the summer solstice, and into Cancer the winter solstice.
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Solstices
sol'stis-es (sun standing), the stationary points in the sun's northern and southern courses. In spring, as the days increase in length, the sun seems to pass higher in the heavens each day. The day on which the summer sun reaches its highest midday point is the summer solstice. It occurs on or about the 21st of June and is the longest day of the year. For the following six months the midday point of the sun is farther and farther down the sky. The day on which the sun hangs lowest at midday in the northern hemisphere , or midwinter, is the day on which the midday position of the sun is highest in the southern hemisphere ; that is to say, our winter solstice is the summer solstice south of the equator. See Seasons
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