Sidmouth
a watering-place on the S. coast of Devonshire, England; 14 miles by road, E. S. E. of Exeter. It lies in a narrow valley at the mouth of the little Sid between the red sandstone cliffs of High Peak (513 feet) on the W. and Salcombe Hill (497) on the E. Its esplanade is protected by a sea wall (1838), 1,700 feet long; and its parish church (1259; almost rebuilt 1860) has a stained W. Queen in memory of her father, the Duke of Kent, who died here in 1820. The climate is mild and the rainfall the least in Devon. Pop. about 6,000.
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Sidney
a city of Ohio, the countyseat of Shelby co. It is on the Great Miami river, the Miami and Erie Canal, and on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and nd Dayton, the Western Ohio, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis rail roads. It has important industries, including the manufacture of whips, hollow ware, horse collars, churns, wheels, iron and wood workers' tools, aluminum ware, flour, etc. Its notable buildings include a public library and a court house. Pop. (1910) 6,607; (1920) 8,590.
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Siedlce
the chief town of the former Russian province of the same name, in Poland; 40 miles E. by S. of Warsaw. The seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, it has a fine palace, girt with beautiful gardens, and carries on important industries. Pop. about 30,000. Considerable fighting occurred here during the World War. The province lying between the Vistula and the Bug nearly corresponds to the old palatinate of Polachia , area, 5,534 square miles; pop. province , 1,000,000. It now is part of the republic of Poland.
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Siegen
a town of Prussia, in Westphalia, on the Sieg river; 47 miles E. of Cologne; manufactures leather, paper, linen, soap, iron, copper, lead, zinc, etc., etc., having many mines in the vicinity. Siegen was the birthplace of Rubens. Pop. about 27,300.
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Siegfried
the hero of the German Nibelungenlied. In Scandinavian legend, he is called Sigurd, and the story is told in the Volsunga Saga. See Nibelungenlied ; Literature ; Scandinavian; Saga
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Siena
or SIENNA, a city of central Italy, on three connecting hills on the S. frontiers of Tuscany, 59 miles S. of Florence, is surrounded by old walls, entered by nine gates, and has also a citadel; the streets are irregular, steep and narrow. It has a university with faculties of law and medicine, and a cathedral, begun in the early years of the 13th century, which is one of the finest examples of Italian Gothic architecture. The The municipal palace, begun in 1288, is a fine specimen of Pointed Gothic. It stands in the historic Piazza del Campo, now the Piazza di Vittorio Emmanuele, a large open semicir cular space in the center of the city, and is adorned with frescoes of the Sienese school. The institute of fine arts contains a valuable collection of pictures of the oldest Sienese painters. There are various other buildings of interest, including churches and palaces. The manufactures are not of much importance. In the Middle Ages Siena gave its name to a school of painting, and was the birthplace of famous painters, sculptors, and architects. It was long the powerful rival of Florence, but was annexed by Tuscany in 1557. Siena is the seat of an archbishop. Pop. commune about 41,700.
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Sienkiewicz
HENRYK, a Polish author; born in Lithuania in 1845. He was the author of the historical novels "Quo Vadis," "The Deluge," and "With Fire and Sword." The next books were "Pan Michael" and "Ian Wolovyjswki." Later works were: "Children of the Soil," "Knights of the Cross," "Let Us Follow Him," etc. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1905. At the outbreak of the World War he removed to Switzerland. He was active in behalf of the sufferers from the war in Poland, and was president of the General Relief Committee for Polish victims. He died in 1916. 14/A SIENA CATHEDRAL
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Sienkiewicz, Henryk
syen-kye'vich, Henryk (1846-), a Polish novelist. After graduation from the University of Warsaw he contributed a series of critical essays to a Warsaw literary journal and was later the editor of a paper published in that city. He wrote his first novel, Na Marne, in 1870. It at once attracted attention and was translated into English and other European languages. A number of other works followed, all of which were favorably received. The work by which he is best known, indeed thought by some his masterpiece, Quo Vadis, was published in 1897. The scene is laid in Rome in the time of Nero, who is one of the characters described. One strong chapter of Quo Vadis describes the burning of Rome; another a banquet attended by members of Nero's dissolute court. Sienkiewicz borrowed his title from a story told of St. Peter. While fleeing from Rome and his persecutors the Apostle met Christ, so it was said, on the Appian Way , and addressed him with, "Dominie, quo vadis?" (Lord, whither goest thou?). "To Rome, to be crucified again," was the reply. Peter, taking the rebuke to himself, turned back to meet the fate and win the crown of a martyr. Sienkiewicz visited the United States in 1876 and remained for some time in California. In 1891 he traveled in South Africa.
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Sienna
or SIENNA EARTH, a ferruginous ochreous earth, which when raw is of a fine yellow color, yellow color, and when burned assumes a rich orange-red tint. It is used as a pigment in both oil and watercolor painting.
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Sierra
a chain of hills or mass of mountains with jagged or saw-like ridges.
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Sierra Madre
a general name for the mountains that in Mexico stretch N. from about Guadalajara to Arizona, forming the W. wall of the plateau, and separating Chihuahua from the maritime States of Sinaloa and Sonora. Along the E. foothills of the range, in northwest Chihuahua, the country is very fertile. The so-called Sierra Madre plateau, on the United States frontier, is a continuation of the Chihuahua plateau. The name has often been more widely extended, however, to include the central and E. ranges of the Cordilleras.
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