Tuatera
the native name of Sphenodon punctatum, a large lizard from New Zealand; olive sides and limbs with minute white specks, beneath yellowish; the spines of the nuchal and dorsal crests yellow, of the caudal brown; the scales of the back, head, tail and limbs small, granular, nearly uniform; with irregular folds in the skin, which are TUATERA fringed at the top with a series of rather larger scales; an oblique ridge of larger scales on each side of the base of the tail, and a few shorter longitudinal ridges of rather smaller ones on each side of the upper part of the tail. The tuateras are apparently carnivorous, and in captivity are fed on raw meat, living frogs, small lizards, earthworms, mealworms, snails, young birds, or mice. The tuatera is remarkable as being the only living reptile of the order Rhynchosauria, and it was in the tuatera that the parietal or unpaired eye was first observed.
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Tub
The rectangular wooden trough over which some brass-moulders ram their flasks is by them called a tub. If iron slides are fastened on the inside, lengthwise, a few inches from the top, a frame can rest thereon to hold the flasks. By this means the rammed flask may be slided across or along the tub into any convenient position without bearing up its weight--a great convenience when the work is prolonged. Tube-vents are vent-connections made with tubes in such a manner as to make it impossible for any metal to insinuate itself therein. If the gas from one core must be made to pass off by the way of another through a connecting core, the operation is made absolutely safe by placing a tube midway at the junction; or if a vent must be led from a core remote from the outside, as in a set of steam-way cores, tubes inserted in the vents, long enough to reach the distance, make it a safe operation. See VENTING.
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Tuba
in music, a brass wind instrument, the lowest as to pitch in the orchestra; it has five cylinders, and its compass is four octaves. Also, a high pressure reed stop of eight foot pitch on an organ; called also tuba mirabilis, tuba major, tromba, or ophicleide.
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Tuber
in botany, an underground fleshy stem or appendage to the root, being usually an oblong or roundish body, of annual duration, composed chiefly of cellular tissue with a great quantity of amylaceous matter, intended for the development of the stems or branches which are to spring from it, and of which the rudiments, in the form of buds, are irregularly distributed over its surface. Examples are seen in the potato, the Jerusalem artichoke, and arrowroot. Tubers are distinguished, according to their forms, into didymous (in pairs), palmate (hand-like), fasciculate, globular, oblong, etc.
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Tubercle
a small tuber; a warty usually taking the shape of minute round excrescence; in pathology, a growth masses, and testines, larynx, etc., of persons of scrofudeveloping in the lungs, inlous constitution. It is described by pathologists as being of two kinds, the gray or miliary, and the yellow or crude; but the latter is, strictly speaking, a secondary form of the former. Gray, or miliary tubercle, is "a grayish-white, translucent, non-vascular body, of firm consistence and well-defined spherical outline, outline , usually about the size of a millet seed. Though in its earlier stage it is uniformly translucent, its central portions quickly become opaque and yellowish, owing to the retrograde metamorphosis of its component elements. In structure tubercle, like the other lymphomata, consists of lymphatic cells contained in the meshes of a very delicate reticulum. The cells are mostly round, or roundly oval, colorless, transparent, and slightly granular bodies, much resembling lymph corpuscles; and, like these, varying considerably in size."
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Tuberculin
KOCH'S LYMPH, or PARATOLOID, a glycerin extract of the pure culture of the tubercle bacillus, first prepared by Robert Koch in the year 1890. It was originally hoped that it would prove of value in combating the disease by injecting it into the blood of the sufferer from tuberculosis, but for this purpose it has not met with much success and in some cases appears to have aggravated the disease. It has proved of value, however, in detecting the disease in both human beings and cattle. When injected into the healthy body, no reaction ensues, but when injected into the blood of a person or animal suffering from tuberculosis, feverish conditions are produced. It is commonly used in this way to detect tuberculous cows. In appearance it is a brownish liquid with a neutral reaction, soluble in water. Chemically, it consists of a solution of the ptomaines of the tubercle bacillus, together with coloring and extractive matters and mineral salts. TUBERCULOSIS. See CONSUMPTION.
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Tuberculosis
a more general and, in many respects, a more fitting name for the wasting disease known as consumption. The name is derived from the minute tubercles which are formed by the bacilli in various tissues of the body. The bacillus of tuberculosis is a rod-shaped bacterium. It was discovered and described in 1882 by Dr. Robert Koch (1843-1910), a distinguished German bacteriologist who, a year later, discovered the bacillus, the presence of which is a sure test for Asiatic cholera. See Consumption 2026 Editor's Note: Consumption was the leading killer of the age — one death in seven — and this entry's sanatorium optimism was the best medicine had. The cure (streptomycin, 1943) came a generation later; see tuberculosis . (Ed: BR 2026-07-05)
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Tucker (GEORGE an American ed-Conr)
GEORGE, an American ed-Conr ucator; born in Bermuda in 1775; was graduated at William and Mary College 1797; studied law and practiced in Lynchburg. He was a member of Congress in 1819-1825. For 20 years he was Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Virginia (1825-1845). He wrote for many journals and periodicals; was the author of "Letters on the Conspiracy of Slaves in Virginia" (1800); "Essays on Subjects of Taste," etc. 822); "The Valley of the Shenandoah" (1824), a novel; "Principles of Rent, Wages and Profits" (1837); "Life of Thomas Jefferson" (1837); "History of the United States from their Colonization to 1841" (4 vols. 1856-1858); "Banks or No Banks" (1857); and "Essays, Moral and Philosophical" (1860). He died in Sherwood, Albemarle co., Va., April 10, 1861.
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