Thurifer
in ecclesiastical usage, the attendant at his high mass, solemn vespers, and benediction, who uses the thurible, either by simply waving it to and fro or for incensing the clergy, choir, and congregation, and at certain times pre- Y sents it to the officiating priest that he may incense the altar or the Host. THÜRINGERWALD (tü'ring - er valt), or Forest of Thuringia, a mountain chain in the center of Germany, stretching S. E. to N. W. for about 60 miles. Its culminating points are the Beerberg and the Schneekopf, which have each a height of about 3,220 feet. The mountains are well covered with wood, chiefly pine. The minerals include iron, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, etc.
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Thuringia
the name still borne by that part of the ancient Saxon area which is generally bounded by the Werra, the Saale, and the Harz mountains; the Thuringian states being the minor Saxon duchies, the two Schwarzburgs, the two Reuss principalities, and small parts of Prussia, Saxony, and Bavaria. The district got its name from the Thuringian tribe of Germans, who were found inhabiting it in the 5th century. The Thuringian forest is a series of wooded mountain ridges occupying a great part of this area. It is about 70 miles long, and belongs to the Sudetic system.
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Thuringite
a hydrated silicate of alumina, and the protoxide and peroxide of iron, which occurs in the form of an aggregation of minute olive-green scales in Thuringia.
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Thurlow
EDWARD, LORD, an English jurist; born in Bracon-Ash, Norfolk, England, in 1732. He was called to the bar in 1754, made king's counsel in 1761, and won great reputation by his speech in the Douglas case. In 1768 he entered Parliament. In 1771 he be came solicitor-general and zealously supported the policy of the government toward the American colonies. In 1778 he was made lord-chancellor, being raised to the peerage as Baron Thurlow. Pitt suspected Thurlow of intriguing with the Prince of Wales, and from this time an open disagreement took place between them. Pitt demanded his dismissal, to which the king at once agreed, and he was deprived of the great seal, seal, June, 1792. He died in Brighton, England, Sept. 12, 1806.
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Thurman
ALLEN, GRANBERY, an American jurist; born in Lynchburg, Va., Nov. 13, 1813; was admitted to the bar in 1835; elected as a Democrat to Congress in 1844; chosen judge of the supreme court of Ohio in 1851; and was elected United States senator in 1869.and 1874. While in Congress he drafted and secured the adoption of the "Thurman Act"; supported the "Bland-Allison Act"; Cyc. Vol. IX took part in framing the bill providing for the Electoral Commission; and was a member of the commission and a warm defender of its constitutional authority. He served also on the International Monetary Commission in Paris in 1881; was an unsuccessful candidate for the nomination for the vice-presidency in 1876, 1880, and 1884; and in 1888 when again presented for that office was nominated by acclamation, but not elected. He died in Columbus, O., Dec. 12, 1895.
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Thurn and Taxis
PRINCES OF, formerly a princely house with high rank, hereditary dignities, and vast possessions , Prusin Austria, Bavaria, Württemberg sia, and Belgium, the heads of the two main lines being resident at Ratisbon and at Laucin in Bohemia. Descended from the Della Torre of Milan (whence the first of their name), with castle of Tasso or De Tassis (whence the second), members of this house have been distinguished in connection with posts. One established posts in Tyrol in 1460; another, ennobled in 1512, established the first post between Vienna and Brussels in 1576. His descendant became in 1595 grand-master of the posts of the Holy Roman empire, and secured the right of carrying on the posts of the empire which extended from Hamburg to Rome, and from Paris to Vienna, for himself and his heirs as a hereditary privilege. In 1681 the principality of Thurn and Taxis in the Netherlands was conferred on the head of the house; and in 1698 the princely rank and title were made hereditary, and passed to all members of the house. The postal privileges were gradually limited by the governments of the various countries; but it was not till 1867 that Prussia secured by treaty with the family the abolition of the monopoly.
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Thursday Island
a small island of Queensland, Australia, in Normanby Sound, Torres Straits. It is a government station, and the harbor-Port Kennedy-is one of the finest in this quarter. It is in the direct track of all vessels reaching Australia by Torres Straits; is the center of a large and important pearl and trepang fishery; and is a depot of trade with New Guinea.
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Thwaites
REUBEN GOLD, an American historian; born in Dorchester, Mass., May 15, 1853. After a high school training he pursued by self instruction a collegiate course and took the postgraduate studies at Yale University in 1874-1875; was managing editor of the "Wisconsin State Journal," Madison, in 1876-1886. In the latter year he became secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. His publications include "Historic Waterways" (1888); "The Story of Wisconsin" (1890); "The Colonies 1492-1750" (1891); "Stories of the Badger State" (1900). He also edited "The Wisconsin Historical Collections" (vols. ix-xv, 1888-1900); "Chronicles of Border Warfare" (1895); "History of the University of Wisconsin" (1900); and "The Jesuit Relations" (73 vols., 1896-1901); "School History of the United States" (1912); etc. He died in 1913.
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Thwing
EDWARD WAITE, an American missionary; born in Boston in 1868. In 1886 he graduated from the University of the City of New York, then took a full course through the Princeton Theological Seminary, from which he graduated in 1892. He was immediately ordained a Presbyterian minister and sent as a missionary to China, where he became pastor in south China. In 1895 he became professor of theology and natural philosophy in the Christian College at Canton, where he remained until 1898, when he returned to the United States. In 1901 he was appointed superintendent of Chinese missionary work in Hawaii, which position he retained until 1909, when he was appointed Chinese secretary of the International Reform Bureau. He acted as legislative agent for the bureau at the World Conference of Nations on Opium, held in Shanghai, Peking. THYESTES. See ATREUS.
CHARLES FRANKLIN, an American educator; born in New Sharon, Me., Nov. 9, 1853; was graduated at Harvard University in 1876, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1879; pastor of Congregational churches in 1879-1890. In the latter year he accepted the presidency of the Western Reserve University and Adelbert College. He is the author of "American Colleges: Their Students and Work"; "Within College Walls"; "The College Woman"; "The American College in American Life"; "College Administration"; "God in His World"; "Letters From a Father to His Son on Entering College" (1912); "Letters From a Father to His Daughter on Entering College" (1913); etc.
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