Thomsen
VILHELM LUDVIG PE- DER, a Danish philologist; born in Copenhagen , Denmark, Jan. 25, 1842. His principal works are: "The Magyar Language" ( 1866); "Influence of the Germanic Languages on the Finno-Lappish" (1870); "Relations between Ancient Russia and Scandinavia" (1879); "Relations between the Finnish and the Baltic Languages" (1890). THOMSENOLITE (after Dr. Julius Thomsen, of Copenhagen), a mineral resulting from the alteration of cryolite. Crystallization monoclinic, occurring in prisms with horizontal striæ, and also massive resembling chalcedony; ha ony; hardness, 2.5-4; sp. gr. 2.74-2.76; luster, vitreous, on some faces pearly; pearly; color, white; transparent to translucent . Composition: Fluorine 52.2; aluminum, 15.0; calcium, 15.4; sodium, 7.6; water, 9.8=100, which is equivalent to the hitherto accepted formula, 2(CaNa) F+A12F3+2HO; but Brandl has shown that the formula should be written [NaCa] F+Al₂F+ H2O. X
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Thomson
ARTHUR CONOVER, an American bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church; born in Fredericksburg, Va., in 1871. He graduated from the Theological Seminary of Virginia in 1893; was ordained deacon in the same year, and priest in 1895. In 1893 he was rector of South Farnham Parish, Rappahannock, Va., then went, in 1895, to the Church of the Resurrection in Cincinnati, Ohio, and finally was rector of Trinity Church, in Portsmouth, Va., from 1899 until 1917. In the latter year he was consecrated suffragan bishop of the diocese of south Virginia, and bishop coadjutor two years later.
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Thomson (ELIHU an American electrician)
ELIHU, an American electrician; born in Manchester, England, March 29, 1853; came to the United States; was graduated at the Central High School of Philadelphia in 1870, and taught there as professor of chemistry and mechanics in 1870-1880. In the latter year he resigned to enter the Thomson-Houston and General Electric Companies. Subsequently he secured Cyc. Vol. IX 366. more than 500 patents for inventions which included the Thomson method of electric welding. He was awarded the Grand Prix, in Paris, in 1899 and 1900, for electrical inventions, received the decoration of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, for electrical research, etc.; was a trustee of the Peabody Academy of Science in Salem, Mass., a member of ELIHU THOMSON the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, Mass.; and a member of many American and foreign electrical engineering and scientific societies. President International Electrical Congress, St. Louis, 1904. President Electro-technical Commission, succeeding Lord Kelvin in 1909. First winner of the Edwin Gold Medal, etc. sion. In 1744 he was appointed sur-
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Thomson (FRANK an American engineer)
FRANK, an American engineer; born in Chambersburg, Pa., July 5, 1841; spent four years in the Altoona shops of the Pennsylvania rail road, where he became an expert mechanical engineer, and during the Civil War rendered valuable assistance as 2d assistant secretary of war, in the construction of bridges and railroads and the transportation of troops. Appointed superintendent of the eastern division of the Philadelphia and Erie railroad in June, 1864; general manager of the department of motive power of the Pennsylvania railroad in 1873; and a year later (July 1, 1874) became general manager of the Pennsylvania railroad system, E. of Pittsburgh and Erie. On Oct. 1, 1882, he became 2d vice-president; in 1888 1st vice-president, and on Feb. 3, 1897, elected president of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. He died in Merion, Pa., June 5, 1899.
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Thomson (GEORGE a Scotch song collector)
GEORGE, a Scotch song collector; born in Limekilns, Scotland, March 4, 1757; was educated at Banff; removed to Edinburgh, where he was secretary to the "Board of Trustees for the Encouragement of Arts and Manufactures" (1780-1830). In 1792 he formed the idea of collecting every existing Scotch melody, and of giving to the world "all the fine airs both of the plaintive and lively kind." The result appeared in six volumes of Scotch songs, followed by two of Irish songs, and three of Welsh melodies. A large number of well-known authors were engaged to supply words to the melodies-among them Thomas Campbell, Professor Smyth, Sir Walter Scott, and Joanna Baillie but the most prolific writer was the poet Burns, who contributed over 120 songs to the collection. Besides the pianoforte accompaniment, according to Thomson's arrangement, each song was to have a prelude and coda, with accompaniments for violin, flute, and violoncello. For this portion of the work, Thomson secured the services of Pleyel, Kozeluch, Haydn, Beethoven (who received $2,750 for his share of the work), Mozart, Weber, Hummel, Hogarth, and Bishop. The first volume was published three years after the death of Burns. He died in Leith, Scotland, Feb. 18, 1851.
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Thomson (II)
SIR CHARLES WY- VILLE, a Scotch biologist; born in Bonsyde, Scotland, March 5, 1830; was educated at the University of Edinburgh and became professor of mineralogy and geology in Queen's College, Belfast, in 1854. In the dredging expeditions of the "Lightning" and "Porcupine" (1868- 1869) he took part, afterward publishing in "The Depths of the Sea" (1869) the substance of his discoveries in regard to the fauna of the Atlantic. In 1869 he became fellow of the Royal Society; in 1870 professor of natural history in the University of Edinburgh. In 1872 he was appointed scientific chief of the "Challenger" expedition, which was absent from England over three years, during which time 68,800 miles were surveyed. On his return he was knighted and drew up for the government a report on the natural history specimens collected on the expedition. But he only lived to publish a preliminary account of the expedition . "The Voyage of the Challenger ' " (1877). He died in Edinburgh, March 10, 1882. THOMSON American author; born in Toronto, Can- , EDWARD WILLIAM, an ada, Feb. 12, 1849. He served in the Union army during the Civil War; returned to Canada; became an engineer and then a journalist. He wrote: Old Man Savarin, and Other Stories"; " "Walter Gibbs," a book for boys; "Between Earth and Sky"; also the metrical portions of M. S. Henry's version of "Aucassin and Nicolette ."
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Thomson (IV)
WILLIAM MCCLURE, an American clergyman; born in Springfield (now Spring Dale), O., Dec. 31, 1806. In 1833 he went as missionary to Syria and Palestine, remaining till 1876. His chief work, "The Land and the Book" (2 vols. 1859-1860; 3 vols. 1880 1880 1886), is an accepted authority on Palestine and Syria. He has also published: "The Land of Promise"; "Travels in Palestine" (1865). He died in Denver, Col., April 8, 1894. THOMSONITE (after R. D. Thomson), a member of the group of Zeolites. Crystallization, orthorhombic, occurring as individual crystals, but more often in radiated groups, also compact; hardness, 5-5.5; sp. gr. 2.3-2.4; luster, vitreous to pearly; color when pure, snow-white, brit tle; pyro-electric. Composition: Silica, 38.9; alumina, 31.6; lime, 12.9; soda, 4.8; water, 13.8 = 100. Formula, 2SiO2AL₂O (3% CaO + 14 NaO) 21/2 HO. Prof. James D. Dana divides as follows: 1. Ordinary: (1) in regular crystals; (2) in slender prisms, sometimes radiated; (3) radiated fibrous; (4) spherical aggregations of radiated fibers or crystals; ( 5) massive: 2. Mesole: including including scoulerite: 3. Chalilite. Occurs in cavities in old amygdaloidal lavas, and metamorphic rocks.
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