Thomson (JAMES a Scotch poet born)
JAMES, a Scotch poet, born in Ednam, Scotland, Sept. 11, 1700. He was educated at Jedburgh School and Edinburgh University, and studied for the ministry. In 1725 he went to London and became a tutor. In 1733 he held a position in the Court of Chancery, and on losing this position was given a penveyor-general of the Leeward Islands, His most famous poem is "The (1726-1730), and next to this "The Castle of Indolence" (1748). He wrote some plays, among them being "Sophonisba" (1730) and "Tancred and Sigismunda" (1745). He died near Richmond, England, Aug. 27, 1748.
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Thomson (JAMES a Scotch poet)
JAMES, a Scotch poet and journalist; born in Port Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 23, 1834. He was brought up in an orphan asylum, and became an army tutor. Most of his life was spent in journalism, and at one time he was special correspondent in Spain for "The World," New York. He suffered much from insomnia, which he made the subject of a powerful poem by that name; and died a victim to the drugs and alcoholic stimulants he used to relieve it. His best-known work is "The City of Dreadful Night" (1870-1874); others of high quality are: "The Doom of a City" (1857), and "Our Ladies of Death" (1861). He died in London, England, June 3, 1882.
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Thomson (JOSEPH an English explorer)
JOSEPH, an English explorer; born in Penpont, Scotland, Feb. 14, 1858; was educated at Edinburgh. When 20 years of age he accompanied Keith Johnston to Central Africa, assuming full charge of the expedition on the death of Mr. Johnston. In 1882 he explored the Royuma river in East Africa, and in 1884 made an important journey through Masai Land, in East Equatorial Africa. Among his other achievements are an expedition to the Atlas mountains, and one to the River Niger. He published: "Through Masai Land," "To the Central African Lakes and Back," "Travels in the Atlas, and Southern Morocco," "Life of Mungo Park," etc. He died in London, Aug. 2, 1895.
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Thomson (T KENNARD an American)
T. KENNARD, an American consulting engineer, born in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1864. He graduated from the University of Toronto in 1886, then began an extensive experience in bridge, railroad and foundation work. He was retained for the foundation work in the Commercial Cable building, the Life, United States Express, the Singer and the Municipal buildings in New York City. He was consulting engineer of the Barge canal, and has designed bridges to be built over the Niagara to commemorate the victory of the World War.
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Thomson (THOMAS a Scotch antiquary)
THOMAS, a Scotch antiquary; brother of John Thomson: born called to the Scotch bar in 1793, appointed deputy clerk register 1806, and principal clerk of session in 1828. He was one of the founders of the "Edinburgh Review" and president of the Bannatyne Club, for which and for the Maitland Club he edited numerous valuable works. He died near Edinburgh, Oct. 2, 1852.
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Thomson (THOMAS a Scotch chemist born)
THOMAS, a Scotch chemist; born in Crieff, Scotland, April 12, 1773. He adopted the medical profession, specializing on chemistry. In 1802 he published "System of Chemistry," which obtained rapid success both in Great Britain and on the Continent. It was followed in 1810 by his "Elements of Chemistry," and in 1812 by his "History of the Royal Society." In 1813 he went to London and commenced there a scientific journal, the "Annals of Philosophy." The lectu lectureship (afterward the regius professorship) in chemistry in Glasgow university was conferred on him in 1817. His great work on the atomic theory was published in 1825, under the title of "Attempt to Establish the First Principles of Chemistry by Experiment." In 1830-1831 he published his "History of Chemistry" in two volumes, and in 1836 appeared his "Outlines of Mineralogy." He died in Kilmun, July 2, 1852.
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Thomson (WILLIAM an English clergyman)
WILLIAM, an English clergyman; born in Whitehaven, England, Feb. 11, 1819; was educated at Shrewsbury School and Queen's College, Oxford, rd, of which he was successively fellow, tutor, and head. In 1858 he was chosen preacher of Lincoln's Inn, and in 1859 was appointed one of her majesty's chaplains in ordinary. Two years later (1861) he was raised to the Episcopal bench as Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol; but before he had held the appointment a year, he was transferred to the archbishopric of York. Dr. Thomson was author of a number of works, including: "An Outline of the Necessary Laws of Thought"; "The Atoning Work of Christ, viewed in Relation to some Current Theories"; "Crime and Its Excuses"; "Life in Light of God's Word" (sermons); "Limits of Philosophical Inquiry"; "Design in Nature"; and a series of essays entitled "Word, Work, and Will." He died in York, England, Dec. 25, 1890.
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Thonisen
JEAN JOSEPH (ton'issen), a Belgian jurist; born in Hasselt, Belgium, Jan. 21, 1817. He was Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Louvain. Among his writings are: "Socialism and Its Promises" (1850); "Socialism in the Past" (1851); "Belgium in the Reign of Leopold I." (4 vols. 1855); "The Pretended Necessity of the Death Penalty" (1864); "The Penal Laws of the Athenian Republic" (1876). He died in Louvain, Belgium, Aug. 17, 1891.
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Thorax
the breast, and specially the bones inclosing it. It is somewhat conical, with convex walls. Its upper opening is contracted, and bounded by the first dorsal vertebra, the first pair of ribs, and the manubrium of the sternum. Its inferior margin slopes downward on each side to the 12th rib; its longitudinal axis is directed upward and somewhat backward; its transverse diameter at the widest part greatly exceeds the distance from the breast to the back. It consists of the dorsal vertebræ, the sternum, the ribs, and the costal cartilages, and contains the lungs, the heart, etc. The muscles of the thorax are: The intercostals, levatores costarum, the sub-costals, triangularis sterni, with which may be included the diaphragm. In comparative anatomy, the part of the trunk above or anterior to the diaphragm. In entomology, the central diversion of the body of insects. It is formed of three consolidated somites or segments; the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. Also, a breastplate, cuirass, or corselet.
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