Thorbecke
HEINRICH (tōrbek'e), a German Orientalist; born in Meiningen, Germany, March 14, 1837. He was appointed professor in the University of Halle, 1887. His studies were directed mainly to the poetry of the Bedawin and the history of Arabic. He was author of: "Life of Antarah, the Pre-Islamite Poet" (1868); "Al Asha's Song of Praise to Mohammed" (1875); "M. Sabbâg's Grammar of Conversational Arabic in Syria and Egypt" Egypt" (1886). He died in Mannheim, Germany, Jan. 3, 1890.
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Thorburn
GRANT, pseudonym LAWRIE TODD, an American author; born in Dalkeith, Scotland, Feb. 18, 1773; emigrated to America in 1794. As the hero of Galt's novel, "Lawrie Todd," he was a well-known figure in New York, where he followed the business of seedsman. He was noted for his charity. His publications in book form include: "Forty Years' Residence in America" (1834); "Men and Manners in Great Britain" (1834); "Fifty Years' Reminiscences of New York" (1845); "Hints to Merchants," etc. (1847); "Notes on Virginia" (1848); "Life and Writings of Grant Thorburn" (1852-1853). He died in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 21, 1863.
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Thoreau
HENRY DAVID (thō'rō), an American author; born in Concord, Mass., July 12, 1817, and educated at Harvard University, where he graduated in 1837. From that time till 1840 he was a schoolmaster. He engaged also in land surveying, carpentering and other handicrafts, but devoting a great part of his time to study and the contemplation of nature. In 1845 he built for himself a hut in a wood near Walden pond, Concord, Mass., and there for two years lived. After quitting his solitude, Thoreau pursued his father's calling of pencil maker at Concord. Besides contributing to the "Dial" and other periodicals, he published "A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers" (1849), and "Walden, or Life in the Woods" (1854). After his death appeared "Excursions in Field and Forest," "The HENRY DAVID THOREAU Maine Woods," "Cape Cod," and "A Yankee in Canada." Thoreau was a friend of Emerson. He died in Concord, May 6, 1862.
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Thorn (Sharp conical projection)
a sharp conical projection constituting the growing point of a branch which has proved abortive. That this is its origin is shown by the fact that sometimes trees, which are thorny in their wild state, have their spines converted into branches when long cultivated in a garden, as is the case with the apple and the pear. A thorn differs from a prickle, which is so superficial that it comes away when the bark is peeled off, while in similar circumstances a thorn, being deep seated, remains. Sometimes thorns bear leaves, as in the whitethorn.
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Thorn (Strongly fortified town)
a strongly fortified town in the province of West Prussia, on the right bank of the Vistula (here spanned by a viaduct 1,100 yards long), 31 miles E. S. E. of Bromberg. Founded by the Teutonic order in 1231, and a member of the Hanseatic League, Thorn contains a town hall and a number of other buildings remarkable for their beautiful gables and interiors; became a Polish town in 1454; and was annexed to Prussia in 1793, and again finally in 1815. It became an important fortified stronghold in the 17th century: was five times besieged between 1629 and 1813; and since 1878 has been made a fortress of the first rank by Prussia, the old fortifications being removed, and a series of detached forts built. Copernicus was a native; and a colossal bronze statue of him was erected in 1853. An active trade in corn and timber is carried on. Pop. about 46,000.
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Thornback
the name of a species of ray (Raia clavata), distinguished by the short and strong recurved spines, rising from a broad osseous tubercular base, which are scattered over the back and tail. Two of these broad-based spines occupy the central ridge of the nose.
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Thornbury
GEORGE WALTER, an English author; born in London in 1828. Beginning his literary career in Bristol at the age of 17, he soon after settled in London, where for 30 years he was almost continuously at work writing for "Household Words," "Once a Week," and "Athenæum," etc. Among his numerous works are "Shakespeare's England," "Songs of the Cavaliers and Roundheads," "Haunted London," "Legendary and Historic Ballads," and a "Life of Turner," under the supervision pervision of Ruskin. He died in London, June 11, 1876.
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Thorndike
EDWARD LEE, an educator; born in Williamsburg, Mass., Aug. 31, 1874; was graduated at Wesleyan University in 1895; pursued postgraduate studies at Harvard and Columbia Universities in 1895-1898; was instructor of genetic psychology at the Teachers' College of Columbia University in 1899-1901, and in the latter year was made adjunct professor. He was the author of "The Human Nature Club" (1900); "Educational Psychology" (1903-1913); "Education; a First Book" (1912); "The Psychology of Learning" (1914).
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Thorne
JOSEPH, an American inventor; born in Marlboro, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1826; was of Quaker parentage; served through the Mexican War; became an engineer and was associated with Elias Howe while he was perfecting his sewing machine. Afterward he was connected with the Singer Company; established and operated a factory in Scotland; invented a typewriter, a sewing machine, a typesetting and distributing machine, etc. He died in Sing Sing, N. Y., May 4, 1897.
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Thornhill
SIR JAMES, an Eng- Melcombe, Regis, finally lish painter; born in England, in 1676. He was much engaged palaces and public in the decoration of best efforts may buildings. Among his dome of St. Paul's, the be mentioned the at Greenwich Hossaloon and refectory Court pital, and some rooms at Hampton . treatment of al- His forte was in the legorical subjects. He was court painter he was knighted to George I., by whom of Hogarth, in 1715. He was the teacher son-in-law. He died who became his England, May 13, 1734. near Weymouth,
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Thorntail
in ornithology, a popuof two genera lar name for all the species Gouldia (four speof humming birds- (one). The tail feathcies) and Discura elongaers in the first genus are much ted and sharply pointed, and the tarsi a tuft of feathers are covered with . at the end of the Discura has a racket tail.
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