Tolstoy
COUNT LYOF (or LEV, English LEO) NIKOLAIEVITCH, a Russian novelist; born on the family estate of Yasnaya Polyana in the province of Tula, Russia, Sept. 9, 1828. He served in the Crimean War, and afterand a number of military sketches. "War and Peace" was published in 1865-1868; "Anna Karénina" in 1875-1878. peculiar doctrines are promulgated in "My Confession ," "In What My Faith His bidden in Russia. His later works are: Consists," etc.; many of them are for- "The Kreutzer Sonata" (1888), "Death of Ivan Ilyitch " (1884-1886); "Master and Man" (1895). Nearly all have been translated into English and most other languages. He died Nov. 20, 1910. supposed to have been supreme in Cen-
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Toltecs
a Mexican race who are centuries. They were completely oblitertral America from the 7th to the 11th ated by the AZTECS (q. v.) and Tezcucans, who held the country when the Spaniards first landed. The latter races were of a their arts, their civilization, and their martial spirit, but they were indebted for religion to their milder predecessors. See Prescott's " History of the Conquest of Mexico," book i. obtained from a tree of tropical South TOLU BALSAM, a resin or balsam America, the Myrospermum (Myroxylon) toluiferum or Peruiferum. Tolu balsam quite hard and may be formed into a has a brownish-yellow color, becomes powder, has a pleasant aromatic flavor, and is used in certain medicinal preparations, though having little or no virtue of its own.
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Tolu
a fragrant, pleasant-tasting balsam of South America . It is obtained by making cuts in the bark of a tree related to the locust or pea family. The trickling balsam hardens on exposure to air. It has soothing, healing properties. It is imported by the manufacturing druggist for use in compounding cough remedies. See Drugs
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Toluca
a town of Mexico, capital of Mexico State; 45 miles W. S. W. of Mexico City, in a valley nearly 8,800 feet above the sea. It contains a fine cathedral, manufactures paints, soap, and candles, and has a thriving trade in pork, sausages, etc. Near the town is the extinct volcano , Nevado de Toluca. Pop. about 33,000 .
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Tom
MOUNT, a mountain in Hampshire co., Mass., near Northampton, on the Connecticut river, opposite Mount Holyoke; is about 1,335 feet high.
a river in Siberia, which unites with the Obi near Tomsk; length about 450 miles.
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Tom Cod
or FROST FISH, a species of cod (Morrhua pruinosa) of the North Atlantic, usually abundant in the mouths of the rivers after the first frosts of autumn. It is from 4 to 12 inches long, olive-green above, and silvery below. American
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Tom Thumb
the hero of a nursery tale found among the stories of the French writer, Charles Perrault, although it is claimed that the story was of Anglo-Saxon origin. Tom is the son of a poor woodsman and his wife. The child is scarcely larger than his mother's thumb, and is therefore named Tom Thumb. He has many adventures, in one of which he is swallowed by a cow. The name General Tom Thumb was given to Charles Stratton, a famous dwarf exhibited in 1842 and subsequent years by P. T. Barnum. See Perrault
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Tombigbee
a river which rises in Tishomingo co., Miss., and after an irregular course of 450 miles, joins the Alabama river 45 miles above Mobile; stream is called Mobile river the united below the junction. It is navigable for 410 miles from Mobile Bay.
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Tome
JACOB, an philanthropist; born in Manheim township, York co., Pa., Aug. 13, 1810; went to Port Deposit, Md., in 1833, and there began operations in lumber and grain which yielded him vast wealth. In 1864, as chairman of the Finance Committee of the Maryland Senate, he relieved the seemingly hopeless financial condition of the State and reduced its indebtedness to less than $1,000,000. In 1884 he presented to Dickinson College, of which he was a trustee, a valuable building for scientific uses. His largest gift was for Instithe foundation of the Jacob Tome tute, at Port Deposit, $1,600,000, a sum that was increased by his will to more than $3,500,000. He died in Port Deposit, Md., March 16, 1898.
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Tomga
Eskimo familiar spirits. (See Eskimos .)
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Tomlinson
EVERETT TITS- WORTH, an American author, born in Shiloh, N. J., in 1859. He entered Williams College in the class of 1879, and after graduating became principal of the high school of Auburn, N. Y., then, in 1883, became headmaster of the preparatory department of Rutgers College, In 1888 he devoted himself entirely to his literary work. Among his books are: "The Search for Andrew Field" (1894); "The Boy Soldiers of 1812" (1895); "Under Colonial Colors" (1902); "The Camp Fire of Mad Anthony" (1907); and "The Story of General Pershing" (1917).
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Tommy Atkins
a name given to privates of the British army. It is said to have originated in the custom of making out blanks for military accounts with the name, “I, Tommy Atkins," etc. Kipling has immortalized it in verse.
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Tompkins
DANIEL D., an American statesman; born in Fox Meadows, Westchester co., N. Y., June 21, 1774; was graduated at Columbia College in 1795 and admitted to the New York bar in 1796. He was a member of the legislature and the State Constitutional Convention in 1801; member of Congress in 1804, but soon he resigned to become Judge of the Supreme Court of New York. He was Governor in 1807-1817, and Vice- President of the United States in 1817-1825. He was a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1821, contributed money and troops to the national government in the War of 1812, during which he commanded the 3d Military District; and in a message to the New York legislature in 1817, recommended the total abolition of slavery in that State, an act which brought about the passage of the bill against slavery which took effect on July 4, 1827. He died in Staten Island, N. Y., June 11, 1825.
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Tomsk
a town in Western Siberia, on the Tom; 2,809 miles E. of St. Petersburg. Situated on the great trade route from Tiumen to Irkutsk, and near the main line of the Siberian railway, it has long been the seat of an important transit trade. Leather and carriages are manufactured ; and a university was established in 1888. Great part of the town was burned in 1890. Pop. about 117,000. The province of TOMSK, extending to the Chinese frontier, has an area of 331,159 square miles, more than 2½ times the size of Great Britain and Ireland , and a population about 4,000,000.
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