Each of these 10 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
a town in Litchfield co., Conn.; on the Naugatuck river; about 28 miles W. by N. of Hartford. It contains many churches, a high school, waterworks, electric lights, banks, and daily and weekly newspapers. Torrington has manufactories of woolen goods, hardware, plated goods, machinery, machinery, needles, etc., and an assessed valuation of nearly $6,000,000. It was the birthplace of John Brown. Pop. (1910) 15,483; (1920) 20,623.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
LENNART, a Swedish general in the Thirty Years' War; born in Torstena, Sweden, Aug. 17, 1603; became in his 15th year page to Gustavus Adolphus; and in 1630, as captain of the bodyguard, accompanied the king to Germany, where he highly distinguished himself in the battle on the Lech, April 5, 1632. He was taken prisoner before Nuremberg, Aug. 12, 1632, and six months in a subterranean dungeon shattered his health and obliged him to return to Sweden. In 1641 he became commander-in-chief of the Swedish army. He entered Schlesien through Sachsen, took Glogau and Schweidnitz, turned into Moravia and captured Olmütz. Obliged to retreat into Sachsen before the Archduke Leopold and Piccolomini, he turned on his pursuers and inflicted a severe defeat at Breitenfeld, Nov. 2, 1642. In consequence of Denmark's declaration of war against Sweden, in December he burst into Denmark, and in six weeks subjugated the whole peninsula, with the exception of the fortresses Rendsburg and Glückstadt. After defeating the Austrian general Gallas at Jüterbok, Nov. 23, 1644, he returned into Bohemia, defeated Katzfield at Jankau, March 6, 1645, overran Moravia, and demolished the fortifications before Vienna. He then laid siege to Brünn, but was forced to retreat into Bohemia. He was made Count of Ortala by Christina in 1647, and died in Stockholm, April 7, 1651.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
in law, denotes injustice or injury. Actions on torts or wrongs are all personal actions for trespasses, nuisances, assaults, defamatory words, and the like.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a popular name for the partial or entire outside covering of the carapace and plastron present in many of the Chelonia. It is in the form together at their of thin plates, united edges, and corresponding, to a certain extent, with the underlying bones of the shell. The number, size, position, coloring, and ornamentation of these plates differ greatly even in genera and species. Also, the name given to the horny epidermic plates of C. imbricata, the hawk'sof these plates bill turtle. The largest gest are about 18 inches long by 6 broad, and rarely exceed one-eighth of an inch in thickness. Tortoise-shell is semi-transparent, and mottled with various shades of yellow and brownish-red. Its value depends on the brightness and form of the markings. Tortoise-shell is used for making combs, snuff boxes, and many fancy articles. The Indian Islands furnish the largest supply for the European and Chinese markets, the chief seats of the trade being Singapore, Manila, and Batavia, from which are exported yearly about 26,000 pounds, of which Singapore sends about a half.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the name given to two butterflies. The small tortoise-shell, Vanessa urticæ, one of the commonest of butterflies, is of a bright red brown, and has on its costal margin three large black spots, beyond the third of which is a white one. The space between the first and third spots is yellow. The large tortoise-shell, the larva of which feeds on the elm, is much rarer. It is deep fulvous, with a broad, dark border.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a British West Indian island, chief of the Virgin Islands; area, 26 square miles. It is bare and rugged, rising to a height of 1,600 feet. It contains Roadtown, the capital of the group.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the infliction of pain. It has been largely used in many countries as a judicial instrument for extracting evidence from unwilling witnesses, or confessions from accused persons, and in the despotisms of the East is still so used; the callousness of torturers and tortured being almost equally remarka- Cyc. Vol. IX ble. In ancient Athens slaves were regularly examined by torture. Under the Roman republic only slaves could be tortured; under the empire torture, besides being much used in examining slaves, was occasionally inflicted even on freemen, to extract evidence of the crime of læsa majestas. At a later period torture came to be largely employed by the Inquisition, and it was only in 1816 that it was prohibited by a papal bull.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
ARTURO, an Italian orchestral conductor, born at Parma, in 1867. He studied at the Conservatory of Parma, and first conducted at Turin, being later engaged for the Dal Verme in Milan, where Gatti-Casazza secured his services for La Scala. There he had opportunities of exhibiting his ability as an operatic and symphonic conductor, and, as a result, became, in 1908, principal conductor at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York. His musical memory is remarkable and he directed without score more than a hundred operas of all nationalities and schools.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
SIR FRANCESCO PAOLO, an Italian composer; born in Ortona, Italy, April 9, 1846. He was famous as a composer of songs in Italian, French, and English; among his best-known ballads being "For Ever and For Ever" and "Beauty's Eyes." In 1875 he went to London and in 1880 was appointed singing teacher to the royal family. He wrote the operas, "The Grand Duke"; "The Prima Donna"; etc. He was knighted in 1908. He died in 1916.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a municipal borough and market town of Devonshire, England, pleasantly situated on the slope of a steep hill on the right bank of the Dart; 29 miles S. S. W. of Exeter and 24 E. N. E. of Plymouth. The Dart is navigable to this point for vessels of 200 tons, and Brut the Trojan is fabled to have landed here; the "Brutus Stone," on which he first set foot, may be seen in the main street. At least, Totnes is a place of great antiquity, and retains two gateways, emains of the walls, a quaint guildhall, a good many antique houses, and an interesting Perpendicular TOUCAN church (1432; restored by Scott, 1874), with a noble red sandstone tower and a fine stone screen. The Norman castle of Judhael de Totnes, that crowns the hilltop, is represented by the circular shell keep. There is a grammar school (1568); and on the "Plains," near the river, stands a granite obelisk to the Australian explorer Wills, who was a native, as also was the Hebraist Kennicott. The borough was incorporated by King John. Pop. about 4,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia