Tillman
BENJAMIN RYAN, an Paul's, and in April, 1691, was raised to American legislator; born in Edgefield the see of Canterbury, vacant by the co., S. C., Aug. 11, 1847; was educated deposition of the Nonjuror Sancroft. His at Bethany Academy. He became prom- "Posthumous Sermons," edited by his inent in a discussion for industrial and chaplain, Dr. Ralph Barker, filled 14 voltechnical education and other reforms in 1886; founded Clemson Agricultural and umes (1694). A complete edition of his whole works, including 254 sermons, ap- Mechanical College, at Fort Hill, for peared in three volumes folio, 1707-1712; boys, and Winthrop Normal and Inwith a good "Life" by Dr. Thomas Birch, dustrial College at Rock Hill, for girls; 1752; and an annotated selection of his was elected Democratic governor of South Carolina in 1890 and 1892; was sermons by G. W. Weldon (1886). Burnet said he was the best preacher of his conspicuous in the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina in 1895; and was age. He died Nov. 22, 1694. elected United States Senator in 1895
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Tilly
JOHANN TSERKLÆS, and 1900. Re-elected 1906 and 1912. He COUNT VON, one of the most notable generals of the Thirty Years' War; born in the castle of Tilly, Brabant, Belgium, TILLMAN, SAMUEL ESCUE, an in February, 1559. He was at first edu- American military officer; born near cated under Jesuit supervision for the Shelbyville, Tenn., Oct. 2, 1847; was priesthood, but a strong bias toward a graduated at the United States Military military career soon showed itself, and Academy and commissioned 2d lieutenant he abandoned the Church for the army. of artillery in 1869; transferred to the Engineer Corps in 1872 as 1st lieutenant; served on frontier duty in Kansas in 1869-1870; was assistant Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology in the Military Academy in 1870-1873 and 1879-1880; assistant Professor of Philosophy in 1875-1876; and Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology after 1880. He was assistant astronomer in the United States expedition to Tasmania to observe the transit of Venus in 1874- 1875; and author of "Essential Principles of Chemistry" (1884); "Elementary Mineralogy" (1894); "Descriptive General Chemistry" (1899); "Important
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Tilly, Count of
Count of (1559-1632), a distinguished Bavarian soldier. He saw service in the Spanish army and in Austria. At the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War he was the commander of the Bavarian army. In 1630 he succeeded Wallenstein in command of the forces of his most Catholic majesty Ferdinand II. He was an aggressive solider. He won no less than thirtysix victories. He suppressed the Protestants in Bohemia, drove Christian of Denmark out of Saxony back into his own country, and defeated Gustavus Adolphus at Magdeburg. In a later battle with the Swedes, he was defeated with loss. In his last battle he fell wounded mortally. His loss was as serious to the Catholic cause as was that of Gustavus to the Protestants. His statue is found in the Bavarian Hall of Fame . See Wallenstein ; Gustavus
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Tilmatura
in ornithology, sparkling tails; a genus of Trochilide, with one species, T. duponti, from Guatemala. Wings rather short and somewhat sickleshaped; tail feathers pointed, the outermost narrow toward the tip, which is curved inward.
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Tilmus
in pathology, a picking of the bedclothes, through through cerebral excitement, toward the conclusion of any serious disease. It is a very unfavorable symptom.
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Tilsit
a town of Prussia, province of East Prussia; at the junction of the Tilse with the Memel or Niemen, which is crossed by a fine railway bridge (1875), 53 miles S. E. of Memel. It has a schloss (built 1537, partially burnt 1876), a fine rathhaus, four churches, two hospitals, a gymnasium (since 1586), a realschule of the first class (1839), and a large barrack. Tilsit manufactures paper, leather, linens, woolens, and beer, has iron founding and sugar refining, and considerable commerce in horses, timber, corn, and produce. The town is historically interesting as the place where, on a raft in the river, the peace of 1807 was concluded between Napoleon, Alexander, and Friedrich Wilhelm III., by which the last was deprived of onehalf of his dominions. In the World War the Russians captured the city in 1914, but were unable to hold it. Pop about 40,000.
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Tilt-hammer
Used for shingling, and also for working finished iron. It consists of a long lever, with hammer-head attached at one end, which is operated by a cam at the other. The fulcrum is placed nearest to the cam, which is generally a wheel with about a dozen projections, called wipes. As the cam revolves, the short end of the lever is borne down by the wipes, lifting the hammer-head until the wipe on the cam has cleared, when the hammer drops upon the work on the anvil. Each wipe in succession engages the lever, causing the hammer to rise and fall with considerable force and rapidity.
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Tilton
THEODORE, an American journalist; born in New York City, Oct 2, 1835; was graduated at the College of the City of New York; editor of the "Independent" in 1856-1871; founded the "Golden Age," but withdrew from it after two years. He caused a wide sensation in 1874 by charging Henry Ward Beecher with criminal intimacy with his wife, and by suing him for $100,000 damages. The trial resulted in the disagreement of the jury. In 1883 Mr. Tilton settled in Paris, France. His publications include: "The Sexton's Tale, and other Poems" (1867); "Proof-Sheets from an Editor's Table" (1869); "Tempest-Tossed" (1875); "Suabian Stories" (1882); etc. He died May 25, 1907.
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Timbuctoo
tim-boock'too, a city of Africa. It is situated near the Niger River, near the southern border of the Sahara. It is reached from Senegal by steamer up the Niger or by caravan from Fez, Morocco. The city is surrounded by half ruined walls. It is peopled by Arabs and others. Population, 12,000. Since 1884 Timbuctoo has been the administrative center of a French military possession. A railway is under way from Algiers southward to Timbuctoo. The city is a center of trade in gold, gum and rubber, ivory and fruits, collected in the basin of the Niger, and in ostrich feathers from the Sahara. The latter is here a prairie rather than a desert. The natives raise millet, wheat, rice, and earth-nuts. About one-third of the imports and exports are carried by the Niger and two-thirds by caravan. When it sets out from Algiers the Fez caravan not infrequently numbers 5,000 camels. They are laden with flannel, sheeting, calico, sugar, tea, padlocks, hinges, chains, tacks, nails, wire, beads, necklaces, hand mirrors, bracelets, rosaries, silver, prayer-rings, brooches, essences, perfumes, glassware, lace, yarn, needles, scarfs, paper, soap, tobacco, knives, weapons, medicines, salt, and dates. They return with loads of ivory, gold dust, tanned hides, baskets, and ostrich feathers. The overland trip requires thirty days each way. Two round trips are made yearly between Algiers and Timbuctoo. See Fez ; Caravan ; Niger
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