Tree Frog
in zoölogy, any individual of the family Hylidæ. They are of small size, more elegant in form than the true frogs, of brighter colors, and more active habits. They feed on insects, which they pursue on the branches of shrubs and trees. The European tree frog (Hyla arborea) is common in the middle and S. of the Continent, and ranges into Asia and the N. of Africa. It becomes very noisy on the approach of rain, and is often kept in confinement as a kind of barometer. The common tree frog of North America is Hyla versicolor, replaced in the S. by the green tree frog, H. viridis.
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Tree Toad
in zoölogy, a popular name for several of the Hylidæ. Used without a qualifying epithet, it is equivalent to tree frog. With a qualifying epithet, it is limited to particular species. Hyla versi-color is the changeable tree toad, Trachycephalus lichenatus is the lichened, and T. marmoratus the marbled He wrote a novel called "Adventures of tree toad. TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM, an English actormanager; born bo in London, in 1853. He made his first appearance as an actor in 1877 as Grimaldi at the Globe, and attracted attention in 1884 in "The Private Secretary ." In 1887 he produced as manager of the Comedy Theatre "The Red Lamp" and from 1887 to 1896 was manager at the Haymarket. He opened in 1897 Her Majesty's (later His Majesty's) Theatre with "Seats of the Mighty" and there produced many notable successes. produced the plays of Shakespeare, him- Later he elaborately self taking leading parts. He died in 1917.
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Treille
in heraldry, a lattice; it differs from fretty in that the pieces do not interlace under and over, but cross athwart each other, and are nailed at the joint. Called also trellis.
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Treitschke
HEINRICH VON, a German historian; born in Dresden, Ger many, Sept. 15, 1834; was educated at Ger- Heidelberg, Tübingen, Bonn and Leipsic. He devoted himself to the study of his tory and became Professor of History at Freiburg in 1863, and held the same chair at Heidelberg in 1867-1874 . In the latter year he accepted the similar chair at the University of Berlin . He was the author of "Ten Years of German Struggles"; "Socialism and its Patrons"; "Two Emperors"; and the "History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century," which was his principal work, but was left unfinished. He died in Berlin, April 28, 1896.
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Tremoctopus
in zoölogy, a subfrom the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Some or all of the arms are webbed aquiferous pores on the back of the head. half-way up, and there are two large
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Tremolant
an organ and harmonium stop which causes the air as it proceeds to the pipes or reeds to pass through a valve having a movable top, tached. The up-and-down movement of to which a spring and weight are atthe top of the valve gives a vibratory movement to the air, which similarly affects the sound produced. On American organs, a fan-wheel by rotating in molo. front of the wind chest causes a tre- Boston, Mass., was known. It arose from
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Tremont
the early name by which the three hills on which the city is built. It has also been called Trimount, or Trimountain.
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Trench
RICHARD CHENEVIX, Ireland, Sept. 9, 1807; was graduated at an English clergyman ; born in Dublin, Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1829. He entered the Church , and became curate at Hadleigh ( 1833-1835), incumbent at Curdridge (1835-1840 ), curate to Archdeacon Wilberforce at Alverstoke (1840- Cyc. Vol. IX 1844), rector of Itchenstoke (1844-1845), was Hulsean lecturer 1845-1846, Professor of Theology at King's College, London (1846-1858), dean of Westminster (1856-1863), and was finally consecrated archbishop of Dublin, Jan. 1, 1864. He was the author of a collection of poems, and a popular writer on philological and theological subjects. His works include: "Notes on the Parables" (1841); "Notes on the Miracles" (1846); "On the Study of Words" (1851); "Proverbs and Their Lessons" (1853); "Synonyms of the New Testament" (1854); "Englis 'English, Past and Present" (1855); "On Plutarch" (1874); "Lectures on Mediæval Church History" (1878); and many others. He died March 28, 1886.
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Trenck
FRIEDRICH VON DER, BARON, a Prussian officer, celebrated for his adventures and misfortunes; born in Königsberg in 1726, and at the age of strength were built up. The simple 17 he was presented to the king, Frederick II., as a student who was well worthy the royal patronage. Frederick rapidly advanced him in the army, and manifested much regard for him; but Trenck having won the heart of Princess Amelia, the king's sister, his enemies had him accused and arrested. He was imprisoned in the fortress of Glatz, but contrived to effect his escape. He then visited the N. of Europe, Austria, and Italy. In 1758 he was seized at Danzic and was conveyed to Magdeburg, where, loaded with irons, he was for years incarcerated. On procuring his liberation, in 1763, he withdrew to Vienna, after which he went to Aix-la- Chapelle, where literature, politics, and commerce alternately occupied his attention. At his castle of Zwerbeck, in Hungary, he wrote his "Memoirs," a read over Europe. In 1791 he settled in France, joined the Jacobins, and in 1794 was charged with being a secret emissary of the King of Prussia, and died by the guillotine.
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Trendelenburg
FRIED. RICH ADOLF, a German philosopher; born in Eutin, Germany, Nov. 30, 1802. He set forth the ethical aspect of his philosophy in the treatise "The Ethical Idea of Right and Law," and the æsthetic aspect in "Niobe" (1846) and "The Cathedral of Cologne" (1853). He wrote also "Natural Justice on the Ground of Ethics" (2d ed. 1860). His principal claim to distinction as a thinker rests on his acute criticism of the systems of Kant and Hegel. He died in Berlin, Jan. 24, 1872.
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Trent Affair
an episode of the American Civil War. In 1861 John Slidell and J. M. Mason were sent by the Confederate government as commissioners to France and Great Britain respectively. They ran the blockade successfully to Havana, and took passage for Liverpool on the British merchantman, the Trent. November 8, Captain Wilkes of the United States ship San Jacinta stopped the Trent in the old Bahama channel. He removed Mason and Slidell and took them to Boston as prisoners. The British minister at Washington, though kindly disposed toward the Federal cause, made an immediate and peremptory demand for their release. The Federal government desired to detain these prisoners, but could not afford to risk hostilities with Great Britain. Mason and Slidell were surrendered to the British authorities. Moreover, the removal of the commissioners from the British ship was clearly a violation of international law. Prior to the war of 1812 the British government insisted on searching American ships and in removing British subjects who might be desired for the British navy. The government of the United States protested against the right of search and could not now refuse to live up to a principle of international law on which it had formerly insisted strenuously. The newspapers of the day assailed President Lincoln and his advisors bitterly for yielding to the British demand; but time has shown that the demand was proper, and compliance, however disagreeable, the only thing to do. See Alabama Claims
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