Trine
RALPH WALDO, an American author; born in Mt. Morris, Ill., Sept. 9, 1866; was graduated at Knox College, Galesburg, Ill., in 1891, and then pursued studies in history and social and political science at Johns Hopkins University. He became deeply interested in social problems; was made director of the American Humane Society and the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. His publications include: "The Life Books" (3 vols. 1896-1898); "The Greatest Thing Ever Crea- Known" (1898); "Every Living ture" (1899); "Character-Building Thought Power" (1900); "Land of Liv- The New Alinement ing Men" (1910); " of Life” (1913).
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Trinitarians
Important: Safety Warning
This page contains instructions involving gunpowder or other explosive or pyrotechnic compositions. Preparing explosives as described has caused severe injuries and deaths, and is illegal in most places.
This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon.
an order of monks founded at Rome in 1198 by St. John of Matha, a native of Provence, and an old French hermit, Felix of Valois, to redeem Christian captives out of the hands of the infidels. The order was sanctioned by Innocent III.; the rule was that of St. Austin, with particular statutes; the diet was of great austerity; and the habit, at least in France, was a soutane and scapular of white serge, with a red and blue cross on the right breast. At one time the order possessed 250 houses, and it was estimated in the 17th century, that, since its foundation, it had been instrumental in rescuing more than 30,000 Christian captives from what was practically slavery. A reform took place in 1599, and resulted in the erection of the congregation of Discalced Trinitarians in Spain, in which country the order (reformed and unreformed) was suppressed in the reign of Isabella II.
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Trinitrotoluenes
substances formed by the nitration of toluene, having the general formula CoH2CH3 (NO2) 3. There are three compounds of this name, all having the same chemical constitution, but differing in the arrangement of the nitro groups in the molecule. These three are known respectively as A, B, and I trinitrotoluene. The most important of the three is A or symmetrical trinitrotoluene, which forms the constituent of the explosive well known as T. N. T. B and I trinitrotoluene, when fused with sodium sulphide and sulphur, yield dyes which give a deep khaki-brown shade. Most of the T. N. T. used for explosive purposes contains small amounts of the B and I isomers, but for some purposes a very pure T. N. T. is required, and this is produced by recrystallizing the crude product from various solvents such as alcohol, benzene or a mixture of the two. The nitration of toluene can be carried out in two stages or in three. In the three-stage process, mono-nitrotoluene is first produced by nitrating toluene with a comparatively weak solution of mixed nitric and sulphuric acids. From this, by further nitration, dinitrotoluene is produced, and finally by treating the dinitrotoluene with strong mixed acids, trinitrotoluene is produced. By the twostage process, mononitrotoluene is first produced, as above, and then converted direct to trinitrotoluene by treatment with strong mixed acids. A one-stage process has been tried, but is viewed with disfavor, owing to the danger of introducing strong acid direct into toluene. See EXPLOSIVES.
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Trinity Bay
a large bay on the N. E. coast of Newfoundland. The peninsula of Avalon is nearly surrounded by it. Its chief ports are Trinity and Heart's Content.
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Trinity House
a name borne by five maritime societies of Great Britain situated in London, Hull, Newcastle-on- Tyne, Leith, and Dundee. Probably all, or most of them, were originally partly religious and and partly secular establishments founded b by seamen, their chief original objects being probably mutual assistance and the care of aged and infirm seamen. From the 14th century onward various public duties and privileges were assigned to them by royal charters or acts of Parliament, such as providing lighthouses, buoying channels, and licensing pilots; and powers were given to them to levy dues on shipping or cargoes. With one important exception, these duties and powers have been reduced or withdrawn. Dundee House is now only a benefit society. Leith retains its public duties as a pilotage authority, as also do Newcastle and Hull, while the last also looks after the lighthouses and buoys of the Humber. All of them continue to give pensions, or homes and pensions, to members, and some assistance to destitute seafarers.
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Trinity River
a river in northwestern California. It enters the Klamath river in Humboldt county. It is about 130 miles long. A river in Texas, formed by branches called the Elm or East Fork, and West Fork, which unite in Dallas county about 4 miles above Dallas. It is about 500 miles long and is navigable, except at low water, for nearly 350 miles. It flows through a very fertile region.
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Trinity Sunday
the Sunday after Whitsunday. It was definitely established as a Church festival by Pope John XXII. in 1334. All the principal feasts occur in the half-year between Advent Sunday and Trinity, and all the Sundays from Trinity to Advent are called Sundays after Trinity.
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Trinket-metal
See GOLD ALLOYS; TOMBAC. Trip-hammer, or Frontal Helve, differs from the Tilt-hammer in that the lever, instead of being raised by depressing the tail, is lifted by projections or wipers which act by lifting the head about twenty inches. The trip is especially for shingling, and is made more massive than the tilt. See TILT-HAMMER.
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Trinucleus
the type genus of Tri nucleida. Body distinctly trilobed; margin of head-shield composed of two lamellæ, and perforated by numerous formamina; genal angles prolonged into conspicuous spines, usually single, but forked in T. T. pongerardi; glabella prominent and pear-shaped with mere traces of lateral grooves; facial sutures rudimentary; cheeks tumid, and generally furnished on each side with a small tubercle seemingly representing the eyes; body rings six; tail triangular, with a distinct axis, and having its margin entire and striated.
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Trio
a musical composition for three voices or for three instruments.
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Trioxide
a term applied to an oxide in which one atom of the metal is combined with three atoms of oxygen, thus: chromium trioxide, Cros.
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Triple Entente
the understanding between England, France and Russia which caused England and France to support Russia when the latter was threatened by Austria and Germany shortly before the outbreak of the World War. The Triple Entente had its origin in a series of treaties and diplomatic understandings rather than in any one document. It evolved from a treaty between France and Russia, signed in 1891, by which each of the two countries promised economic and diplomatic support in case either should be attacked by an enemy. The following year this was strengthened by a military convention, which was still further strengthened into the Dual Alliance in 1894. The first steps toward including Great Britain in the understandings were taken in 1903, when an interchange of official visits was made between France and England, and the century-long mutual prejudices were overcome. In bringing about this better understanding no single individual had more influence than King Edward VII. In 1907 the mutual jeal ousy between England and Russia was understanding also reduced through an which was arrived at between the two governments respecting their separate in Persia and other spheres of interest parts of Asia. This understanding may be said to have concluded the creation of what then became known as the Triple Entente.
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