Tromp
MARTEN HARPERTZOON, VAN, a Dutch naval officer; born in Briel, Holland, in 1597. He began to serve under his father in the navy at 10 years of age, gradually rose to distinction, and in 1637 attained the rank of lieutenant-admiral; in which capacity he served against the Spaniards, and captured many of their ships. In October, 1639, he won a great victory over the Spanish fleet and captured 18 galleons. He was engaged in the naval campaigns of 1640 and 1641; but his courage and abilities were most strikingly displayed in the war with England in 1652-1653. He had Robert Blake for his adversary, and was defeated off Dover in March, 1652. In November following, he, in his turn, defeated Blake, and sailed up the English Channel with a broom at his masthead. Another engagement took place in the channel, in February, 1653, when the Dutch lost many of their ships, but Tromp succeeded in saving the 300 merchant ships he was convoying. After another battles commanding in several other against the English, this great seaman fell in the engagement with Monk, off the coast of Holland, Aug. 8, 1653. His son, CORNELLUS VAN TROMP, born in Rotterdam, Holland, Sept. 9, 1629, rose also to eminence as a naval commander and, on De Ruyter's death, was appointed lieutenant-admiral-general of the United Provinces. He died in Amsterdam, May 29, 1691.
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Trompe
A water-blowing machine, consisting of a cistern supported about twenty feet above the air-chamber and connected with the latter by a wooden pipe, near the top of which are several oblique holes. Another pipe connection on the lower cistern or wind-chamber leads to the tuyere. When working, the upper cistern is kept full of water, and the flow therefrom is regulated by a conical plug. As soon as opened, the water rushes down the long pipe, carrying some air, which enters through the holes along with it; the water falls on a projection inside the wind-chamber, and its height in the latter is regulated by an escape-pipe on the side; while the air carried down with the water is forced to the furnace through the discharge previously spoken of. See CATALAN FORGE.
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Troopial
the name common to a group of passerine birds, akin to the orioles and starlings. They mostly inhabit the southern United States, but several of them appear as birds of pasin the northern sage States in early spring. The cow troopial, cow bird, or cow bunting, the blue bird, and the bobolink or rice bunting, belong to this group.
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Trope
in rhetoric, a term applied to a word or expression diverted from its original to a figurative signification, and thus including allegory, irony, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, etc.
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Trophonius
the fabled builder of the temple of Delphi, after his death was reverenced as a hero, and had a famous oracle in a cavern near Lebadeia in Bœotia. Pausanias describes how, after purifying himself, he was drawn through the mouth of this cave by an unseen power, and all that he witnessed there. Quixote's fancied visit to the oracle preserves its memory.
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Trophy
a monument or memorial in commemoration of a victory. It consisted of some of the arms and other spoils of the vanquished enemy, hung upon the trunk of a tree or a pillar by the victors, either on the field of battle or in the capital of the conquered nation. If for a naval victory, it was erected on the nearest land. The trophies of the Greeks and Romans were decked out with the arms of the vanquished for land victories, with the beaks of the enemy's vessels for naval engagements. In modern times trophies have been erected in churches and other public buildings to commemorate a victory. Also, anything taken and preserved ved as a memorial of victory, as flags, standards, arms, and the like.
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Tropic
in geography, one of two parallels of latitude situated 23 1/2 degree from the equator. That north of the equator is the tropic of Cancer ; the southern is the Tropic of Capricorn . The term tropic signifies to turn or change, having reference to the limit beyond which the vertical rays of the sun never pass. The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn include a belt 47 degree wide known as the Torrid Zone. The tropics is used to designate the regions within or near these two lines.
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Tropic Bird
a popular name for any species of the genus Phaëthon. They are tropical sea birds, in habits and general appearance approaching gulls and terns, and resembling the latter in their mode of flight. Their powers of flight are great, and they are usually seen at considerable distances from the land, as they live almost entirely on the wing, and when they do not return to the distant shore to roost, rest on the surface of the water. They are about 30 inches long, of which the long tail feathers occupy about one-half. The general hue of the plumage is white; in two species, Cyc from the Atlantic Ocean, P. ætherius (or candidus) and P. flavirostris, the tail feathers are white; in the third species, P. phœnicurus, from the Pacific Ocean, they are red, and are highly valued by the natives of the South Seas as ornaments. Tropic birds nest in holes かっ TROPIC BIRD in cliffs and on rocky islands, the female laying only one egg, and the male sitting in a hole by her side, both with heads inward.
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Tropine
C8H15NO; an organic base obtained by heating atropine with a saturated solution of baryta water, and precipitating the baryta with carbonic acid gas. It has a strong alkaline reaction, is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, melts at 62°, and boils at 229°. From its ethereal solution it crystallizes in colorless anhydrous tables.
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Troppau
the chief town and capital of the former Austrian Silesia; on the Oppa; 106 miles S. S. E. of Breslau. It is surrounded by fine gardens, replacing the old walls and intrenchments, and has three suburbs, six churches (one Evangelical), an old town hall (lately rebuilt in Gothic style), a large barrack, a higher gymnasium and realschule, a teachers' training college, a commercial school, and several benevolent institutions. Troppau manufactured, before the World War, cloth (chiefly military), machinery, beet sugar, beer, potash, sodawater, lucifers, spirits, liquors, and paper. Troppau was founded in the 13th century. From Oct. 20 to Dec. 20, 1820, a congress of representatives ves of the five great powers, afterward transferred to Laibach, met here to plan for suppressing revolutionary outbreaks in Italy. Pop. about 35,000.
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