Torrey
BRADFORD, an American author; born in Weymouth, Mass., Oct. 9, 1843. He was educated in the public schools, taught two years, then entered business in Boston. In 1886 he became assistant editor of the "Youth's Com- He was a close student of panion." birds, and wrote largely on this subject for the magazines. His essays have been collected into the following volumes: "Birds in the Bush" (1885); "The Footpath Way"; "A Rambler's Lease"; "A Florida Sketch-Book"; "Spring Notes from Tennessee" (1896); "A World of Green Hills" (1898); "Friends on the Shelf" (1906); "Field Days in California" (1913). He died in 1912.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Torrington
a town in Litchfield co., Conn.; on the Naugatuck river; about 28 miles W. by N. of Hartford. It contains many churches, a high school, waterworks, electric lights, banks, and daily and weekly newspapers. Torrington has manufactories of woolen goods, hardware, plated goods, machinery, machinery, needles, etc., and an assessed valuation of nearly $6,000,000. It was the birthplace of John Brown. Pop. (1910) 15,483; (1920) 20,623.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Torstensson
LENNART, a Swedish general in the Thirty Years' War; born in Torstena, Sweden, Aug. 17, 1603; became in his 15th year page to Gustavus Adolphus; and in 1630, as captain of the bodyguard, accompanied the king to Germany, where he highly distinguished himself in the battle on the Lech, April 5, 1632. He was taken prisoner before Nuremberg, Aug. 12, 1632, and six months in a subterranean dungeon shattered his health and obliged him to return to Sweden. In 1641 he became commander-in-chief of the Swedish army. He entered Schlesien through Sachsen, took Glogau and Schweidnitz, turned into Moravia and captured Olmütz. Obliged to retreat into Sachsen before the Archduke Leopold and Piccolomini, he turned on his pursuers and inflicted a severe defeat at Breitenfeld, Nov. 2, 1642. In consequence of Denmark's declaration of war against Sweden, in December he burst into Denmark, and in six weeks subjugated the whole peninsula, with the exception of the fortresses Rendsburg and Glückstadt. After defeating the Austrian general Gallas at Jüterbok, Nov. 23, 1644, he returned into Bohemia, defeated Katzfield at Jankau, March 6, 1645, overran Moravia, and demolished the fortifications before Vienna. He then laid siege to Brünn, but was forced to retreat into Bohemia. He was made Count of Ortala by Christina in 1647, and died in Stockholm, April 7, 1651.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Tort
in law, denotes injustice or injury. Actions on torts or wrongs are all personal actions for trespasses, nuisances, assaults, defamatory words, and the like.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Tortoise-Shell
a popular name for the partial or entire outside covering of the carapace and plastron present in many of the Chelonia. It is in the form together at their of thin plates, united edges, and corresponding, to a certain extent, with the underlying bones of the shell. The number, size, position, coloring, and ornamentation of these plates differ greatly even in genera and species. Also, the name given to the horny epidermic plates of C. imbricata, the hawk'sof these plates bill turtle. The largest gest are about 18 inches long by 6 broad, and rarely exceed one-eighth of an inch in thickness. Tortoise-shell is semi-transparent, and mottled with various shades of yellow and brownish-red. Its value depends on the brightness and form of the markings. Tortoise-shell is used for making combs, snuff boxes, and many fancy articles. The Indian Islands furnish the largest supply for the European and Chinese markets, the chief seats of the trade being Singapore, Manila, and Batavia, from which are exported yearly about 26,000 pounds, of which Singapore sends about a half.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Tortoise-Shell Butterfly
the name given to two butterflies. The small tortoise-shell, Vanessa urticæ, one of the commonest of butterflies, is of a bright red brown, and has on its costal margin three large black spots, beyond the third of which is a white one. The space between the first and third spots is yellow. The large tortoise-shell, the larva of which feeds on the elm, is much rarer. It is deep fulvous, with a broad, dark border.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Tortola
a British West Indian island, chief of the Virgin Islands; area, 26 square miles. It is bare and rugged, rising to a height of 1,600 feet. It contains Roadtown, the capital of the group.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Torture
the infliction of pain. It has been largely used in many countries as a judicial instrument for extracting evidence from unwilling witnesses, or confessions from accused persons, and in the despotisms of the East is still so used; the callousness of torturers and tortured being almost equally remarka- Cyc. Vol. IX ble. In ancient Athens slaves were regularly examined by torture. Under the Roman republic only slaves could be tortured; under the empire torture, besides being much used in examining slaves, was occasionally inflicted even on freemen, to extract evidence of the crime of læsa majestas. At a later period torture came to be largely employed by the Inquisition, and it was only in 1816 that it was prohibited by a papal bull.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Tory (Political party name of Irish)
a political party name of Irish origin, first used in England about 1679, applied originally to Irish Revolutionary Catholic outlaws, and then generally to those who refused to concur in the scheme to exclude James II. from the throne. The nickname, like its contemporaneous opposite Whig, in coming into popular use became much less strict in its application, till at last it came simply to signify an adherent of that political party in the State who disapproved of change in the ancient constitution, and who supported the claims and authority of the king, church, and aristocracy, while their opponents, the Whigs, were in favor of more or less radical changes, and supported the claims of the democracy. In modern times the term has to some extent been supplanted by Conservative.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Toscanini
ARTURO, an Italian orchestral conductor, born at Parma, in 1867. He studied at the Conservatory of Parma, and first conducted at Turin, being later engaged for the Dal Verme in Milan, where Gatti-Casazza secured his services for La Scala. There he had opportunities of exhibiting his ability as an operatic and symphonic conductor, and, as a result, became, in 1908, principal conductor at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York. His musical memory is remarkable and he directed without score more than a hundred operas of all nationalities and schools.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia