Trapezium
as defined by Euclid, any quadrilateral except a square, an oblong, a rhombus, and a rhomboid. Later Greek geometers seem to have used the word in the more restricted sense of a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides; and the word trapezoid was introduced to describe a quadrilateral which had no two sides parallel. On the Continent the words are so distinguished to this day. By English geometers and got writers on mensuration the words interchanged as regards their significance, so that with us a trapezoid is generally defined as a quadrilateral with two parallel sides. Thus English writers have retained trapezium in the broader sense, and have used trapezoid in the restricted sense of a Euclidean trapezium with two sides parallel. The continental etymologically custom is historically and the better. There is, however, hardly a necessity for both words, since the word quadrilateral is now invariably used by modern geometers for a four-sided figure which is not a parallelogram.
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Trapezoid Bone
in anatomy, a bone of the wrist of which the superior surface articulates with the scaphoid bone, the external with the trapezium, the internal with the os magnum, and the inferior with the second metacarpal bone. It is smaller than the trapezium, has its largest diameter from before backward, and its posterior surface, which is much larger than the anterior one, pentagonal.
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Trappists
a branch order of Cistercian monks. The Abbey of La Trappe in France took its name from that of the narrow, trap-like mouth of the gorge in which it was situated. The abbey was founded in 1140. In 1664 the abbot, a man of wealth and good family, who had been noted for a wicked life, underwent conviction and devoted himself to the reform of his monastery. The monks were called upon to fast to the verge of starvation, to work severely, to refrain from meat, including fish, to greet each other with the salutation, "Remember Death," and to labor in silence. The abbot further ordered each monk to spend some time each evening digging his own grave, and to sleep on straw in his own coffin. These commands were obeyed even with enthusiasm, and the abbey gained so great a reputation for piety that it became the head of a series of Trappist monasteries. In 1790 the Trappists, with other monastic orders, were banished from France. Groups of Trappist monks established new homes in Algiers, Savoy, Italy, Germany, Ireland, England, and Nova Scotia . One monastery was founded at Gethsemane in Kentucky and another at New Melleray in Iowa. A corresponding order of nuns was established in 1827. The total world's membership of Trappist monks and nuns is about 3,000. See Monasticism
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Trask
KATE NICHOLS (Katrina Trask), an American author, born in Brooklyn, N. Y. She has written a great number of short stories for the general magazines, besides which she has written "Sonnets and Lyrics" (1894-1903); "Lessons in Love" (1900); "Not Bound," (1903); "Night and Morning" (1906); and "Without the Walls" (1919).
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Trask
JOHN WILLIAM, an American sanitarian, born in Bay City, Mich., in 1877. Graduating from the University of Michigan, he was appointed assistant surgeon in the United States Public Health Service. In 1907 he passed as assistant surgeon, becoming assistant surgeon general in 1909. He served in Detroit, Mich.; Fort Stanton, N. M.; Chicago and Washington, D. C. In 1909 he was given charge of the division of Sanitary Reports and Statistics, which position he held till 1918, when he became medical director of the United States Employees' Compensation Commission. He is the author of "Vital Statistics" (1914), and a great number of contributions to technical magazines.
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Trask (II)
WILLIAM BLAKE, an American author; born in Dorchester, Mass., Nov. 25, 1812; received a common school education and learned the trade of cabinet making. Later he devoted himself to historical and antiquarian researches. He wrote "Memoir of Andrew H. Ward" (1863) and was the editor of "The Journal of Joseph Ware" (1852); "Baylie's Remarks on General Cobb" (1864); "The Bird Family" (1871); and "The Seaver Family" (1872). He also aided in compiling "History of Dorchester." He died in 1906.
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Traub
PETER EDWARD, an American army officer, born in New York, N. Y., in 1864. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1886, and then entered the cavalry arm of the service. In 1914 he took charge of the Philippine Constabulary Service, with the rank of colonel. He was made brigadier-general in 1917. In 1907 he was assistant professor of modern languages in the United States Military Academy. From 1917 to 1919 he served with the American Expeditionary forces in France and participated in the battles of Seicheprey, St. Mihiel and many others. In 1918 he became a major-general.
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Traun
LAKE OF, a small but beautiful lake in Upper Austria, near the town of Gmunden. The river Traun passes through the lake and enters the Danube.
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Trautwinite
a microcrystalline mineral, occurring in crystals, the system of which has not yet been determined; hardness, 1-2; color, green; luster, dull; streak, light-gray. Analysis yielded: Silica, 21.78; sesquioxide of chromium, 38.39; sesquioxide of iron, 13.29; alumina, 0.81; lime, 18.58; magnesia, 7.88; loss on ignition, on, 0.11 100.84. Occurs on chromite in Monterey co., Cal.
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Travancore
native Tiruvánkod, a protected State in the extreme S. of British India; bounded on the N. by Cochin, on the E. by British territory and on the W. by the Indian Ocean. The State pays a yearly tribute of £80,000 to Great Britain, is politically connected with the province of Madras; area 7,294 square miles; pop. about 3,500,000, mainly Hindus, belonging to 420 castes, from Brahmans to Negroid hillmen. Nairs are over a fourth of the total, Mohammedans only 7 per cent. There are many native Christians of the Syrian rite and some black Jews. At the S. extremity of the State is Cape Comorin; the Western Ghats run along the E. side. W. of the hill foots is a level belt, 10 miles wide, covered with cocoanut and areca palms. On the elevations the soil is light and gravelly; in the valleys it is in general a deep black mold. Travancore shares with Cochin the lagoons or backwaters along the coast. The chief produce is copra, coir, tobacco, nut oil, areca nut, ginger, pepper, cardamoms, beeswax, coffee and timber. The rajahs are intelligent, have been faithful to the English alliance, cherish education, and govern well. The capital is Trivandrum; other principal places are Aulapolai and "hard labor" in prisons, is now greatly Quilon.
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