Vaughan (HERBERT a Roman Catholic)
HERBERT, a Roman Catholic archbishop of Westminster; born in Gloucester, England, April 15, 1832; the eldest son of Lieutenant- Colonel Vaughan. Educated at Stonyhurst and on the Continent, he entered the priesthood, and in 1872 was consecrated bishop of Salford, in 1892 succeeded Cardinal Manning as Archbishop of Westminster, himself shortly after being raised to the cardinalate. He was an eloquent preacher, the founder of St. Joseph's College for foreign missions at Mill Hill, Hendon, and proprietor of the "Tablet," and the "Dublin Review." He died June 20, 1903.
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Vaughan, Diana
Authoress of Memories of an ex-Palladist in which she states that she was a member of a Satanist association of Masonic origin in Charleston, U.S.A., presided over at one period by Albert Pike (q.v.). Her pretentions, which will scarcely bear a strict investigation, are that she was the chosen bride of Asmodeus and was on terms of intimacy with Lucifer , the deity worshipped by the Palladist confraternity.
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Vault
an arched roof; a concave roof, or roof-like covering, hence applied figuratively to the sky. In architecture, an extended arch covering an apartment so constructed that the stones, bricks, or other material of which it is composed sustain and keep each other in their places. Vaults are of various kinds; a a semi-circular cylindrical vault has arch; a covered vault has an arch which springs from all sides of its plan; a groined vault is one formed by two ght angles. vaults intersecting at right When a vault is of greater height than half its span, it is said to be surmounted, and when of less height surbased. A rampant vault is one which springs from planes not parallel to the horizon; the vault placed over another constitutes a double vault. A conic vault is formed of part of the surface of a cone, and a spherical vault of part of the surface of a sphere. A vault is simple when it is formed by the surface of some regular solid, and compound when compounded of more than one surface of the same solid, or of two different solids.
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Veda
. See Sanskrit
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Vedangas
what the Brahmans call "members of the Veda." They are six in number, but this name, says Max Müller ("Ancient Sanskrit Literature," p. 109), "does not imply the existence of six books or treatises intimately connected with their sacred writings, but merely the admission of six subjects, the study of which was necessary either for the reading, the understanding, or the proper sacrificial employment of the Veda." The six subjects or doctrines usually comprehended under the name Vedangas are: Siksha (=pronunciation), Chhandas (=meter), Vyakarana (grammar), Nirukta (explanation of words), Jyotisha (=astronomy), and Kalpa (ceremonial). The first two are consid considered necessary for reading the Veda, the two next for understanding it, and the last two for employing at sacrifices. The writers of the Vedangas do not claim inspiration.
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Vedanta
in India, a system of religion and philosophy professedly founded on the Vedas. It is divided into the Pûrva mimânsa and the Uttara mimânsa, or the former and the latter mimânsas, which constitutes two of the leading darsanas or schools of philosophy. As the first of these is chiefly practical, the Vedanta philosophy is mainly derived from the second. It was founded by Vyasa, and was modified by Sankara, its commentator. The former identified the world with God, and contended earnestly for the reality of the external universe which he held to have been created by God; the later Vedantists maintained that the universe is but an illusion projected by God, and is itself God. The present Vedanta system is Pantheistic. It has many adherents among the more educated Hindus. American an VEDDER, ELIHU, painter; born in New York City, Feb. 26, 1836. He studied at Paris and in Italy, where he ultimately made his residence. His subjects are mostly ideal "The Lair of the Sea -serpents," "Fisherman and Djin," "Death of Abel," "Greek Actor's Daughter," "Cumean Sibyl," "Nausicaa and her Companions." He also illustrated Edward Fitz-Gerald's "Omar Khayyám" (Boston, 1884). Author of "Digressions of V., " etc.
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Vedder
HENRY CLAY, an American historian; born in De Ruyter , N. Y. , Feb. 26, 1853 ; was graduated at the University of Rochester in 1873 and at the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1876; was on the editorial staff of "The Examiner," a Baptist weekly, in 1876- 1892; and was its editor in 1892-1894. In the latter year he became Professor of Church History at Crozer Theological Seminary . His publications include: "Baptists and Liberty of Conscience" (1885); "The Decline of Infant Bapsaptism" (1890); "A Short History of the Baptists" (1891); " The Higher Criticism" (1892); "Talks with Baptist Young People" ( 1895); "The Decline of the Apostolic Succession in the Church of England" (1894 ); "A History of the Baptists of the Middle States"; "The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems of Democracy " (1914); etc.
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Veery
a small migratory thrush, ranging from the Rocky Mountains eastward. About seven inches long. Reddish brown or tawny above, light beneath, with the sides of the throat streaked with dusky spots. Also known as Wilson's thrush. Like other thrushes it lives on insects found by searching the ground among fallen leaves and pine needles. The veery nests in north countries in tussocks of grass, usually in or near swamps. The nest is composed of grasses or leaves, perhaps of grapevine bark, and lined with fine grasses and roots, or even horsehair. Its eggs are of a light blue with greenish tint. The veery's voice is not so fine as that of the woodthrush. "Its cheery cheeury, cheeury, cheeury, uttered generally from some bough in a pine grove, or other woods, gives life and zest to the woodlands." Says Whittier: And here in spring The veeries sing The song of long ago.
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Vegetable Ivory
the seeds of a Central American palm. The fruits of this palm are globular and are borne near the ground. The seeds are about the size of a hen's egg. When immature they are milky and of a sweet flavor, not unlike that of the cocoanut. In ripening, the nut hardens until it makes a very fit substitute for animal ivory. Before it becomes too hard this nut is easily worked in a lathe and absorbs dyes readily. It is much used in making mottled buttons designed to match the patterns of tweed suits, etc., and for making many small articles of turnery, such as umbrella handles and the like. American manufacturers import about 15,000,000 pounds of vegetable ivory yearly. See Button; Palm
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