Vincent of Lerins
or VINCEN- TIUS LERINENSIS, an eccleciastical writer of the first half of the 5th century; was a native of Gaul and a monk of the monastery of Ledinum (an island, now St. Honorat), opposite Cannes. He was author of a "Warning against the Profane Novelties of all Heretics." In that work is for the first time laid down formally the test of Catholicity of doc- , is that the Catholic doctrine which trine' is "what everywhere, what always, what by all had been believed (quod ubique, quod semper, and quod ab omni- " bus bus creditum est). He is by some critics believed to be also the author of a treatise favoring the heretical opinions of the Semipelagians, which is the subject of Prosper the Aquitanian's "Replies, on behalf of Augustine's Teaching, the Heads of the Vincentian Objections."
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Vindhya Mountains
a range of hills which extends across central India, almost due E. and W. from the plateau of Chota Nagpur, overhanging the basin of the Ganges, to the shore of the Arabian Sea in Gujerat. Their total length is about 500 miles, and the highest peak does not exceed 6,000 feet. The formation is granitic overlaid with sandstone. They form on the N. a continuous border to the Nerbudda, and with that river they are regarded as forming the traditional boundary between Hindustan proper on the N. and the Deccan on the S. The "fourfold girdle round the waist of India" is completed by the Satpura range and the Tapti river.
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Vinegar Bible
a Bible printed 1717 at the Clarendon Press in Oxford. So named because in the running headline of Luke xxii. vineyard was misprinted vinegar.
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Vinegar Bronze
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This is for brass goods, and consists of vinegar 10 galls., blue vitriol 3 lbs., muriatic acid 3 lbs., corrosive sublimate 4 grains, sal-ammoniac 2 lbs., alum 8 ozs. See BRONZE.
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Vineland
a borough in Cumberland co., N. J.; on the West Jersey and the Central of New Jersey railroads; 12 miles E. of Bridgeton. It is built on a level and sandy tract in a notable fruitgrowing region. Here are numerous churches, hotels, a high school, public library, National and State banks, and several daily, weekly and monthly periodicals. The borough has machine shops, flour mills, and manufactories of shoes, carriages, fruit crates, buttons, gloves, clothing, paper boxes, linoleum, chenille curtains, carriages, plows and Smyrna rugs. Pop. (1910) 5,282; (1920) 6,779.
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Vinet
ALEXANDRE RODOLPHE, a Swiss theologian; born in the Vaud, Switzerland, June 17, 1797. In 1817 he was appointed Professor of the French guage and Literature at the Basel Gymnas Gymnasium, in 1835 at the Basel University, and in 1837 accepted the chair of theology in the academy at Lausanne. In 1840 he seceded from the National Church, maintaining that there should be no connection between Church and State. His views on this subject were enforced in his "Essay on the Manifestation of Religious Convictions, and on the Separation of Church and State" (1842). In 1845 he gave up his chair. He was an earnest and eloquent preacher, and wrote "History of French Literature in the 18th Century"; "Studies of French Literature in the 19th Century"; etc. He died in Clarens, on Lake Geneva, May 4, 1847.
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Vingt-Et-Un
a game of cards, the aim in which is to get as near as possible to the value of 21 (hence the name) without exceeding it. The game is played with the whole pack, the ordinary cards being reckoned according to the number of pips on them, while the court-cards are 11, as the holder 10 and the ace is 1 or may elect.
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Vinnitza
a town of Russia, in the province of Podolia; on the Bug river; 245 miles N. N. N. W. of Odessa. It has several churches and synagogues, a Russo-Greek monastery, a Capuchin monastery, several schools , and a military hospital (formerly a Jesuit college). Pop. about 50,000.
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Viol
in music, a stringed instrument a little larger than the violin; it was furnished with five or six strings, had a fretted finger board , and was played with a bow . The viol is found depicted in MSS. as early as the 11th century. 7. In France , Germany, and Italy the number of the strings varied between three and six. It is supposed that they were tuned in fourths and thirds. A chest of viols consisted of six instruments of various sizes, the smaller ones were called treble, the next mean , and the larger bass viols. The treble viol was somewhat larger than the violin , and the music for it was written in the treble dlef; the mean (or tenor) viol was about the same length and breadth as the modern tenor violin , but was thicker in the body; its music was written in the c clef.' The bass viol was much about the same size as the violoncello, and the music for it was written in the bass clef.
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Violet
a well known fragrant flower. The genera are distributed widely throughout the temperate zones and contain about 300 species. They are chiefly perennial herbs of the temperate zones. About forty species are native to the United States and Canada. The flowers are on the plan of five (five sepals, five petals, etc.), with an irregular corolla. The petals are of three different shapes; the lower one spurred. Some violets, particularly viola palmata, have underground flowers which produce large pods of seeds. The proverbial color of the violet is blue, but our most fragrant, delicate species is white, and a number of wood violets are yellow; while in the pansy, the descendant of a small European violet, blues and yellows strive with white in the same flower for predominance. In literature, the discreet violet is the type of modesty. It ranks with the lily and the rose. "To throw a perfume on the violet," is in Shakespeare's judgment to attempt an improvement of the perfect. See Pansy ; Perfume
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Violoncello
a bow instrument of the viol class, held by the performer between the legs, and filling a place between the viola and the double-bass. It is strung with four gut strings, the lower two covered with silver wire, and tuned in fifths. The compass usually employed extends from Con the second leger line below the bass staff to A on the second space of the treble, though soloists play an octave higher, with the intermediate semitones.
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