Villemain
ABEL FRANÇOIS, a French author; born in Paris, June 11, 1790. Educated at the Lycée Louis-le- Grand, he was at the age of 20 appointed assistant Professor of Rhetoric at the Lycée Charlemagne, and soon afterward professor at the Ecole Normale. In 1812 he gained the prize of the Academy for his "Eulogy of Montaigne"; ; on April 21, 1814, he read before the King of Prussia, the Czar Alexander, and the élite of Parisian society his essay "The Advantages and Inconveniences of the Critic," and two years after, he was crowned a third time for his "Eulogy of Montesquieu." Deputy for Evreux from July, 1829, he was made a peer of France in 1832, and from March 13, 1839, to March 1, 1840, was Minister of Public Instruction. Reappointed on Oct. 20, he was the leading promoter of the banishment of the Jesuits in 1844. About the end of that year ill-health forced him to forbear all mental labor, but in 1847 he had wholly recovered. After the establishment of the empire, Villemain resigned all his appointments save his place in the Academy, to which he had been elected in 1821. He died May 8, 1870. Cyc
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Villena
ENRIQUE DE ARAGON, commonly styled MARQUES DE, a Spanish poet; born in 1384. He wrote: "The Troubadour's Art"; "The Art of Carving"; "The Labors of Hercules" (1483); "Treatises on Consolation"; "Fascinology" (on the evil eye); "On Leprosy." He also translated the Æneid and the "Divine Comedy." He died in Madrid, Spain, Dec. 15, 1434.
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Villeroi
FRANÇOIS DE NEUF-
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Villiers
CHARLES PELHAM, an English statesman; born Jan. 3, 1802; was graduated at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1824; called to the bar in 1827; and elected to Parliament as a Free Trade Liberal in 1834. He represented his constituency for 63 years. In 1838, at the head of 38 Free Traders in Parliament, he led the movement for an investigation of the Corn I Laws; in 1840 moved their repeal, and continued to 15 agitate the question year after year till the repeal act was finally passed in 1846. He was elected chairman of the th Committee on Public Houses in 1853; opposed vested rights in licenses; brought forward in Parliament the question of postal reform; and was president of the Poor Law Board in 1859-1866. While holding the last office he was instrumental in the passage of the bill making unions chargeable for all the poor within their districts. He died in London, England, Jan. 16, 1898.
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Villiers (FREDERIC an English war)
FREDERIC, an English war correspondent and artist, born in London, in 1852. He was educated in France and studied art at the British Museum, the South Kensington schools, and the Royal Academy. His work as a war artist and correspondent began in 1876 in Serbia, and since then he has acted in a similar capacity for various publications in practically every war of any importance. He has also at various times represented publications as an artist and correspondent at important political events, such as the coronations of Czar Alexander III., Nicholas II., etc. He has also traveled and lectured extensively in many countries. Some of his paintings at various times have been exhibited at the Royal Academy and in other places, and he was the recipient of many war medals and other decorations. His publications include "Pictures of Many Wars" (1902); "Port Arthur" (1905); "Peaceful Personalities and Warriors Bold" (1907); etc.
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Vilmar
AUGUST FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN, German theological a writer; born in Solz in Lower Hesse. He was Professor of Lutheran Theology at Marburg, and a resolute opponent of rationalism in the theology. He wrote: "The Theology of Facts versus the Theology of Rhetoric" (1856); "History of German Civilization in Most Recent Times" (1858-1867); “A Little Handbook for the Friends of the German Folk-Song" (1867); "Exposition of the Augsburg Confession" (1870); "Moral Theology" (1871); "Dogmatic Theology" (1874); "History of German National Literature" (1845; 24th ed. 1894). He died in Marburg, Germany, July 30, 1868.
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Vilna
or WILNA, town of a Lithuania; capital of the former province of the same name; on the Vilia. It is picturesquely situated, and contains numerous churches and convents. It has a governor's palace, a town hall, Greek and Roman Catholic cathedrals, and numerous educational establishments. There is a considerable trade in agricultural produce sent to Baltic ports. Pop. about 200,000. The city was captured by the Germans in 1915, and was the scene of military operations during the entire course. It was captured by the Poles in the campaign of 1920 against the Bolshevists, and its government was determined by a plebiscite. FRANÇOIS VILLON
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Vincent
ST., a Spanish martyr; born in Huesca, Spain; was imprisoned and tortured under Diocletian's reign, dying in Valencia in 304. His day is Jan. 22.
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Vincent
GEORGE EDGAR, an American educator, born at Rockford, Ill., în 1864. He was educated at Yale University and at the University of Chicago, from which institutions, as well as from the University of Michigan, he received honorary degrees. After some years of editorial work and traveling, he became literary editor of the "Chautauqua Press" in 1886; vice-president of the Chautauqua System in 1888; president of the Chautauqua Institution in 1907 and honorary president in 1915. At the same time he was connected with the University of Chicago, from 1892 to 1911 as instructor, assistant professor, associate professor and professor of sociology, serving, also, from 1907 to 1911 as dean of the faculties of arts, literature, and science. From 1911 to 1917 he was president of the University of Minnesota, becoming, in the latter year, president of the Rockefeller Foundation. He was a member of the General Education Board and ex-president of the American Sociological Society and wrote "Social Mind and Education" (1896); "An Introduction to the Study of Society" (with A. W. Small, 1895).
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Vincent of Beauvais
or VIN- CENTIUS BELLOVACENSIS, a mediæval encyclopedist; born about 1190. He was a Dominican friar. His voluminous works cover the whole field of mediæval science. The chief is "The Greater Mirror" (Speculum Majus), a vast encyclopædia of fables, science, literature, etc., in three huge volumes of 80 books and chapters; it comprises Natural, 9,885 cha Doctrinal, Historical; another part, Moral, is by another hand. Part i. (ed. 1473 1473-1476) contains 848 folio pages, and tre treats of the whole visible world, and even of the Creator, angels, etc.; part part ii., Doctrinal, is a summary of the scholastic philosophy, liberal and useful arts, government, grammar, arithmetic, theology, etc. The third part gives the Bible account of creation, the world's secular history down to Constantine, and histories of the German, Frank, English, and other nations. He died about 1264.
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