Valencia
LAKE OF, a body of water in Venezuela, 2 miles from Valencia and near the Caribbean Sea; length, 22 miles; average breadth, 4 miles. It contains many islands and is the outlet of the Aragua river.
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Single-source entries: V (3)
These 8 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Valencia, Valenciennes, Valens.
Valencia (Capital and most important)
the capital and most important city of Carabobo, Venezuela; in the Aragua valley, 24 miles S. of Puerto Cabello; altitude 1,824 feet above sealevel. It is the second city of Venezuela in population and importance, and is the trade center of a large section handling sugar, hides, coffee, cocoa, etc. Here are electric lights, beautiful parks and squares, regular streets, a National College, a cathedral, etc. In the vicinity are celebrated hot springs. Valencia was established in 1555. After the separation from Colombia the first Venezuelan Congress met here. Pop. about 55,000.
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Valenciennes
a fortified city of France, in the department of Nord; at the junction of the Rhondelle and the Scheldt. It is noted for its manufactures of lace. It contains a citadel, a fine town hall, a communal college, civil and military hospitals, a library, museum, theater, arsenal, etc. Before the World War'its industries were varied, comprising manufactures of batiste, linens, lawns, printed muslins, lace, beet sugar, gold and silver tissues, toys and leather. It also had foundries, rolling-mills, distilleries, glass works and dye works. It was taken in 1793 by the English and Austrians after a siege of six weeks. It was the birthplace of Froissart, Watteau and Pujol. The city was taken by the Germans in 1914, and was held by them during the World War. Pop. about 35,000.
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Valens
FLAVIUS, Roman emperor of the East; born in Pannonia, in 328; declared emperor of the East by his brother Valentinian I., who had already been elected emperor. The chief event of his reign was the war with the Goths under Athanaric, which lasted during the whole of Valens' reign. The Goths were several times defeated, and sued for peace, which was granted them (370). In 377 the Goths, driven S. by the Huns, asked and received permission to settle on Roman territory. Irritated by the treatment they received at the hands of the imperial officials, they soon took up arms, and in 378 defeated Valens and destroyed the greater part of his army. Valens was never seen or heard of afterward.
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Valentia
or VALENCIA, a small fertile island off the S. E. coast of Ireland, belonging to County Kerry, about 5 miles long by 2 miles broad. It has slate and flag quarries, and productive fisheries. The British Atlantic telegraph cables to Newfoundland start from Valentia, and there is here a lighthouse.
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Valentinianus First
The son of Gratian, who was raised to the throne by his merit and valor. He obtained victories over the Barbarians in Gaul and in Africa, and punished the Quadi with severity. He broke a blood-vessel and died, A. D. 375. Immediately after his death his son, Valentinian the Second, was proclaimed emperor, who was remarkable for benevolence and clemency. He was robbed of his throne by Maximus, but regained it by the aid of Theodosius, emperor of the East. He was strangled by one of his officers. The third Valentinian was made emperor in his youth, and on coming to maturer age he disgraced himself by violence and oppression. He was murdered A. D. 454. Valerianus, Publius Licinius . A celebrated Roman emperor, who, on ascending the throne, lost the virtues he had previously possessed. He made his son Gallienus his colleague in the empire. He made war against the Goths and Scythians. He was defeated in battle and made prisoner by Sapor , king of Persia, who put him to death by torture. 2026 Editor's Note: Valentinian III was Roman emperor in the West from 425 to 455. He was assassinated by Aetius's bodyguards, not simply murdered as the page states. His reign was marked by civil wars among powerful generals and barbarian invasions, including repeated threats from Attila the Hun. The strangulation death mentioned in the page actually refers to Valentinian II (ruled 375–392), not Valentinian III. (Ed: BR 2026-06-18)
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Valeric
or VALERIANIC ACID, C5H10O2, an organic acid present in valerian root, angelica root, in the berries of Viburnum opulus, and probably in many other plants. It is prepared artificially by oxidation of ordinary amyl alcohol (C6H12O), two atoms of hydrogen being removed and one of oxygen added. The most advantageous method of effecting the oxidation is to treat the amyl alcohol with a mixture of sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate. After a series of operations the acid separates as an oily liquid lighter than water and having the composition C5H10O2H2O. The water is driven off by distillation, and the pure acid obtained as a mobile colorless oil. It has a sharp acid taste, reddens litmus, and burns with a bright but smoky light. It has a density of .973, and boils at 175°. It forms valeriates with metallic oxides, but its compounds are not of much importance. Ethyl valerate (C₂H.CH₂O2) is formed by passing hydrochloric acid gas into an alcoholic solution of valeric acid.
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Valetta
a strongly fortified seaport and capital of Malta; on the N. E. coast of the isl island; on an elevated neck of land, with a large and commodious harbor on each side. The town has wide streets paved with lava, spacious squares, and fine quays, lined with elegant buildings. From the inequality of the site the communication between the different streets is maintained by flights of steps. The cathedral, built in 1580, contains the tombs of the Knights of Malta or of St. John, and in a chapel are the keys of Jerusalem, Acre and Rhodes. Other notable buildings bu are the governor's residence, formerly the palace of the grandmasters; the library, museum, university, and the military hospital. The dockyard is capable of admitting the largest men-of-war. Some shipbuilding and various other industries are carried on, and the trade includes grain, wine, fruits, cotton, and other manufactures, coals, etc. The mail steamers for Alexandria, Constantinople, etc., call here, and it is the chief station of the British fleet in the Mediterranean. Pop. about 25,000. See MALTA.
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