Valve
a kind of movable lid or cover adapted to the orifice of some tube or passage, and so formed as to open communication in one direction and to close it in the other, used to regulate the admission or escape of a fluid, such as water, gas, or steam. Some valves are self-acting, that is, they are so contrived as to open in the required direction by the pressure of the fluid on their surface, and immediately to shut and prevent the return of the fluid when the direction of its pressure changes. Others are actuated by independent external agency. Examples of the former kind are presented in the valves of pumps, and in the safety the safety valves of steam boilers, and of the latter in the slide-valves appended to the cylinder of a steam engine for the purpose of regulating the admission and escape of the steam. The construction of valves admits of an almost endless variety.
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Vambery
ARMINIUS, or HER- MANN, a Hungarian traveler and Orientalist; born in Szerdahely, Hungary, March 19, 1832. Escaping from the tailor's bench to which his family would have condemned him, he succeeded amid much privation and hardship in laying the foundations of wide linguistic scholarship, first under the Piarists of St. Georgen near Pressburg, and afterward at Vienna and Pest. He was a strong believer in the regenerative power of Western civilization and was almost as strongly a partisan of English as opposed to Russian influence. Besides the narrative of his great great journey, jo which appeared in German, English, and Hungarian, in 1865, he published "German- Turkish Dictionary" (1858); "Abuschka: Turkish - Hungarian Dictionary (1861); "A Study of the Turkish Language" (1867); "Sketches in Central Asia" (1867); "Central Asian and Anglo-Russian Frontier Question" (Lond. 1874); "Ethics of the East" (Berl. 1876); "Etymological Dictionary of the Turco-Tartar Tongue" (Leip. 1877). He died in 1913.
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Vampire Bat
a name formerly to given Vampyrus spectrum. Also any species of the group Desmodontes, consisting of two genera, each represented by a single species. They differ from all other bats in the character of dentition, the upper incisors being very large, trenchant, and occupying the whole space between the canines; premolars very narrow, with sharp-edged longitudinal crowns; molars rudimentary or none; œsophagus very narrow; cardiac extremity of stomach greatly elongated, forming a long, narrow cæcum. The species are sanguivorous, and cling by their extremities to the body of the animal whose blood they may be sucking.
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Van
a town of Armenia, on Lake Van; the capital once of an Armenian kingdom, near the S. E. shore of Lake Van; 145 miles S. E. of Erzerum; pop. about 30,000.- VAN, LAKE, a salt-water lake, 5,467 feet above sea-level; area about 1,600 square miles; it contains many islands and has no visible outlet.
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Van Amringe
JOHN HOWARD, an American educator; was graduated at Columbia College (now University) in 1860; was tutor of mathematics there in 1860-1863; adjunct professor of the same in 1864-1873; then was made full professor. In 1894 he was elected dean of the School of Arts. When Seth Low Cyc 11 involuntarily become a vampire by him- resigned the presidency of Columbia self falling a victim to one, or merely University on being nominated mayor of New York, Dr. Van Amringe was acting president of the university till Nicholas Murray Butler. He is the the election, in January, 1902, of Dr. author of a revised edition of Davies' "Legendre." He died in 1915.
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Van Devanter
WILLIS, American jurist, born in Marion, Ind., in 1859. He graduated from DePauw University and from the Cincinnati Law School. For several years he practiced law in Marion , Ind., and then removed to Cheyenne, Wyo. He acted as city attorney for that city and as a member of the Territorial Legislature. In 1889-90 he was chief justice of the Supreme Court of Wyoming, and from 1897 to 1903 was general of the United States. He was appointed United States circuit judge in 1903, serving until 1910, when he was appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States . assistant attorney VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. MANIA. See TAS
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Van Dorn
EARL, an American military officer; born near Port Gibson, Miss., Sept. 17, 1820 ; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1842; became a captain in 1855, and resigned his commission on the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861; joined the Confederate army ; took an active part in the battle of Pea Ridge, March 7 and 8, 1862; attacked General Rosecrans at Corinth, Oct. 3-4, 1862, and was defeated with great loss. He was killed in a private quarrel in Maury co., Tenn., May 8, 1863. a
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Van Dyke (HENRY an American educator)
HENRY, an American educator; born in Germantown, Pennsylvania, Nov. 10, 1852; was graduated at Princeton University in 1873, at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1877, and at Berlin University in 1878; and soon afterward assumed the pastorate of the United Congregational Church in Newport, R. I. He was chosen pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church, in New York City in 1883, and continued in that charge till 1900, when he resigned to become Professor of English Literature in Princeton University. He was appointed minister to the Netherlands in 1913, serving until 1918. President of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, 1909-10. His publications include: "The Reality of Religion"; "The Poetry of Tennyson"; "The Christ-Child in Art"; "The Builders, and Other Poems"; HENRY VAN DYKE "Fisherman's Luck"; "The Friendly Year"; "Preface to Counsel on Books and Reading"; "The Ruling Passion"; "Grand Canyon, and Other Poems," etc.
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Van Dyke (JOHN CHARLES an American art)
JOHN CHARLES, an American art critic; born in New Brunswick, N. J., April 21, 1856; was educated at Columbia and Rutgers Colleges; admitted to the bar in 1877; studied art in Europe, and on his return to the United States devoted himself to literary work and to lecturing on art in Rutgers, Harvard, Princeton, and other universities. He was the editor of the "Studio" in 1883-1884, the "Art Review" in 1887- 1888, and the author of "Books and How to Use Them"; "Principles of Art"; "How to Judge a Picture"; "Art for Art's Sake"; "Modern French Masters"; "Nature for Its Own Sake"; "New Guides to Old Masters"; etc.
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