Wash
a wide estuary on the E. coast of England; between the counties of Lincoln and Norfolk; 22 miles in length and 15 in average breadth. It is surrounded by low and marshy shores, and_receives the Witham, Welland, Ouse, Nen, and Nar rivers. The estuary for the most part is occupied by sandbanks, dry at low water, and between these sandbanks are the channels through which those rivers flow into the North Sea. On both sides of the channel by which the Ouse falls into the sea considerable tracts of land have been reclaimed. Anchorage is afforded to vessels by two wide spaces or pools of water, called respectively Lynn Deeps, opposite the Norfolk, and Boston Deeps, off the Lincoln coast. can educator; born in Middleboro, Mass., March 1, 1833; was graduated at Amherst College in 1855, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1859; became Professor of Philosophy in Robert College, Constantinople, in 1868; was acting president there in 1870-1877, and became president in the latter year. He was an authority on the political questions of southeastern Europe. During the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, in 1893, he delivered an address on Mohammedanism. He contributed many articles to English and American periodicals. He died in 1915.
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Washburn College
a coeducational institution in Topeka, Kan.; founded in 1865 under the auspices of the Congregational Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 40; students, 840; president, P. P. Womer, Sc. D.
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Washburne
ELIHU BENJAMIN, an American statesman; born in Livermore, Me., Sept. 23, 1816. He early tried journalism, but abandoned it to study law at Harvard; was admitted to the bar in 1840 and began practice in Galena, Ill. He was elected to Congress in 1852 and held office till 1869, when he was appointed Secretary of State by President Grant, and soon after minister plenipotentiary to France. During the Franco-Prussian War he made the American legation the refuge of Germans and other foreigners who could not leave Paris. For this service he received special honors from the Emperor of Germany and Bismarck, as well as from the French leaders, Gambetta and Thiers. In 1887 he published "Recollections of a Minister to France." After he returned to the United States he resided in Chicago, where he died Oct. 22, 1887.
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Washing
When a loam-moulder moistens the hardened surface of his mould with water, preparatory to chinsing and finishing with the tools, the process is termed washing. If some portion of a mould is carried away by a current of metal running violently over it, it is said to be washed off. See FOUNTAIN RUNNER.
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Washing and Washing Machine
. See Laundry
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Washington and Lee Univ
309 VERSITY, an educational non-sectarian institute in Lexington, Va.; was founded in 1749 by the Rev. William Graham as an academy at Timber Ridge meeting house, afterward developed into Washington University, and finally received its present name in honor of General Robert E. Lee, who after the Civil War became its president. He is buried in the college chapel, where a noble recumbent statue in marble marks his resting place. It reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 30; students, 626. President, H. L. Smith, LL.D.
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Washington University
a coeducational non-sectarian institution in St. Louis, Mo.; incorporated in 1853. It has been formed by the union of six schools started at different times: the undergraduate department, which includes the college (1859); the St. Louis Law School (1867); the O'Fallon Polytechnic School ol (1870); the Henry Shaw School of Botany (188 1886); the School of Fine Arts; the St. Louis Medical College (1891); and the Missouri Dental College (1892). To the university have been attached three secondary schools: The Smith Academy for boys (1854); the Mary Institute for girls (1859); and the manual training school (1879). It reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 2003; students, 1,367; president, F. A. Hall, LL. D.
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Washita
or OUACHITA, a river of the United States and an affluent of Red river; flows in a S. E. direction through Arkansas and Louisiana, draining a rich cotton and corn country for a distance of 600 miles. It receives the Saline, La Fourche, Tensas, and Little Missouri rivers, and is navigable throughout the year by steamboats to Camden, a distance of 300 miles. The False Washita traverses the Indian Territory, and joins the Red river above Preston, in Texas.
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Waste Gases
The most efficient mode of utilizing the waste heat from puddling and other furnaces is the regenerative-gas furnace, where it is applied to raise both the gas fuel and the air for burning it to a high temperature previous to their meeting at the point of combustion. See REGENERATIVE FURNACE.
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Waste Lands
according to the general use of the term, uncultivated and unprofitable tracts in populous and cultivated countries. The term waste lands is not employed with reference to land not reduced to cultivation in countries only partially settled.
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Waste-wax Process
Making statuary, figures, etc., by melting out a wax model of the object, which has been previously encased in loam or composition, and filling the space with molten metal. See CIRE PERDUE; STATUE-FOUNDING. Water is a compound of 8 parts by weight of oxygen with one of hydrogen; by bulk it is 1 of oxygen to 2 of hydrogen, and is present in nature in three forms--solid, liquid, and gaseous. It is transparent, tasteless, and inodorous. It evaporates at all temperatures, boils at 212 deg., and freezes at 32 deg. At 60 deg. a cubic inch of pure water weighs 252.45 grains--exactly 815 times the weight of an equal bulk of air. The American standard gallon weighs 58,970 grains of pure distilled water at the maximum density of 484. The weight of an imperial gallon is 70,000 grains, or 10 pounds. A cubic foot of water is taken at 1000 ounces, and 62.5 pounds for convenience in reckoning; but the actual weight is 998.068 ounces, or 62.37925 pounds avoirdupois. Water expands 1/1124 of its bulk in freezing. The height of a column of water at 60 deg., equivalent to the pressure of 1 pound per square inch, is 2.30 feet, and the height of atmosphere is 33.94 feet. The number of cubic feet in a ton of water is 35.84, and a cubic foot of sea-water weighs 64.31 pounds. See HYDROGEN.
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