Yellowstone Lake
formerly called SUBLETTE'S LAKE, a beautiful lake base of the in Wyoming, at the N. E. National Park Rocky Mountains; in the of the Yellowstone, at an elevation of 7,788 feet above sea-level. Its greatest extent is about 20 miles, and its greatest depth 300 feet. Its outlet is the Yellowstone river, which issues from the N. end of the lake. The Upper Yellowstone river enters at the opposite side. This lake is surrounded on several sides by high mountains, among which are Mount . Sheridan and Mount Langford
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Yen
the unit of Japanese money. Accounts are kept in yens, sens, and rins. The yen is worth a trifle less than half a dollar of American money. The sen is the hundredth part of a yen and the rin is the tenth part of a sen. Gold is coined in twenty, ten, and five yen pieces; silver in fifty, twenty, and ten sen pieces; nickel in five sen pieces; and bronze coins in one sen and five rin pieces. The lowest coin, the five rin piece, is worth, therefore, 1/200 of a yen, approximately one-fourth of a cent.
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Yenisei
the longest river of Siberia, rises as the Kem to the W. of the Kosso- Kol, S. of the Gurbi Mountains, flows W. as the Ulan ("Great") Kem between the Sayan and Tangnu Mountains, then suddenly breaks N. through the Sayan Mountains, and after a course of 3,300 miles falls into the Arctic Ocean. Its breadth varies from 3,400 feet to 14 miles, and during the last 140 miles it is so wide as to form an arm of the sea. Its depth varies from 11 to 90 feet. The waters of the Yenisei are clear and rich in fish. They are navigated by paddle steamers, drawing barges, and by a number of five or six cornered flat-bottomed boxes which convey flour down stream, and are broken up at their destinations. The Yenisei receives from the right the Upper Tunguska or Angara (the outlet of Lake Baikal), the Irkut, Middle Tunguska, and Lower Tunguska. Nordenskjöld's voyage in the summer of 1875 from Tromsö to the mouth of the Yenisei opened up a trade by sea with northern Siberia, in which a number of vessels are now engaged, finding six weeks in summer when the passage to and from the Yenisei can be made with little difficulty.
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Yeniseisk
a province of eastern Siberia, Russia; bounded E. by Yakutsk and Irkutsk, S. by Mongolia, W. by Tomsk and Tobolsk, and N. by the Arctic Ocean; area, 987,186 square miles; pop. (1908) 689,700. The S. part is occupied with the Altai Hills and their offsets. In the Yenisei valley considerable tracts are under tillage, but N. of the town of Yeniseisk this is succeeded first by pasturage, then by stretches ever more and more desolate, to the frozen tundras. The chief river is the Yenisei. Smaller streams are the Taimyr, Katanga, and Anabar, which like the Yenisei, form great gulfs at their mouths. The gold washings of Yeniseisk occupy 12,000 to 15,000 men and several thousand horses. Of the native tribes, who live by hunting, fishing, and trade in fur, the most are Samoyedes and Tungus. The capital is Krasnoiarsk.
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Yeoman
a term which seems, in early English history, to have been applied to a common attendant menial servant, but after the 15th century came to class of small freeholders, denote a forming the next grade below gentlemen. The term yeoman was also given to the 40-shillings freeholder, or, more loosely, to any small farmer or countryman above the grade of laborer. The term is also familiar in the titles of functionaries in royal households, such as yeothe black rod, yeoman man usher of of the robes, etc.
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Yeomanry
specifically, a force of volunteer cavalry first embodied in Great Britain during the wars of the French Revolution, and consisting to a great extent of country gentlemen and farmers. They are liable to be called out in aid of the civil power in case of riot at any time; in case of actual invasion, or the appearance of an enemy on the coast or during a rebellion, they may be assembled for actual service; they are then subject to the Mutiny Act and Articles of War, and may be called upon to serve in any part of Great Britain. YERBA MATÉ. See MATÉ.
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Yerba Mate
yer'ba ma'ta. See Paraguay
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Yerkes
CHARLES TYSON, an American capitalist; born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 25, 1837; was engaged as exchange broker in 1858-1861, and as banker in 1861-1886. He failed in 1871, and for misappropriation of public funds was convicted and imprisoned, but was afterward pardoned. He recovered his fortune in a few years; was prominent in street railway operations in Philadelphia, and after 1886 in Chicago, where he was at the head of several railway corporations. In 1902 he was engaged YERKES OBSERVATORY 477 in constructing a system of underground railroads in London, England. In 1892 he gave an observatory to the University of Chicago. He died in New York City, Dec. 29, 1905.
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Yerkes Observatory
the observatory of Chicago University, at William's Bay, Wis., near the shore of Lake Geneva, 75 miles N. of Chicago, founded in 1892 by Charles T. Yerkes, of Chicago, and completed in 1895. The site, chosen with a view to escaping the smoke, dust, electric lights, and noise of a city, consists of 50 acres of wooded land.
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Yetziratie World
(See Kabala.) Yoga, meaning "union," is applied in theosophy to assistance rendered to evolutionary process. The theosophical idea of evolution postulates a universal consciousness from which particular consciousness has come and to which each is returning along the path of evolution. The journey along this path can be quickened by the Yoga, the union of each particular with the universal consciousness. By the concentration of thought on any particular idea, that idea, in course of time becomes worked into the constitution of the thinker, so that, if the thought be good he will correspondingly help on the process of evolution. This general principle, applied in the light of past experience to the multifarious activities of the human mind, is of vast importance and influence in the moulding of the characters both of individuals and communities. (See The Path, Karma, Theosophy .)
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