Zinc-coating
Copper and brass articles may be permanently coated with a layer of pure zinc by boiling them in a solution of chloride of zinc, with an excess of zinc-turnings present in the solution. Gray-iron castings may be coated or galvanized by first cleaning them by abrasion with sand in a tumbling-barrel, then heating and plunging them separately, while hot, in a liquid composed of hydrochloric acid 10 lbs., and sufficient sheet lead to make a saturated solution. In making this solution, add sulphate of ammonia 1 lb., when the evolution of gas has ceased. If the castings are hot enough after dipping them in this solution they will dry almost instantly, leaving a crystallized surface of zinc. They must now be placed in a bath of melted zinc over which, after skimming, some powdered sal-ammoniac has been thrown to prevent further oxidation. Small articles can be lowered into the bath in a wire basket, lifted out, the superfluous metal shaken off, and then cast into water.
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Zion City
a city of Illinois, in Lake co. It is on the Chicago and Northwestern railroad. It was founded by Charles Alexander Dowie. The industries of Zion City include the manufacture of lace goods, electrical supplies, office supplies, candy, baking supplies, etc. Pop. (1910) 4,789; (1920) 5,580.
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Zionism
a name given to the plan for the acquisition of Palestine, with a view to establishing the Jews in the Holy Land. This ambition was to an extent realized following the World War, when Palestine became a protectorate of in. Great Britain, which officially assented to the establishment of a Jewish state. See PALESTINE.
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Ziphius
a genus of whales belonging to the family of the Rhynchoceti, or beaked whales. Ziphius occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and South Atlantic. The snout is pointed, there is a single blow-hole, and a small dorsal fin is developed. There are no teeth in the upper jaw, but the lower jaw is provided with from one to two pairs. Z. Sowerbiensis familiar species. The average is a length is 16 feet.
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Zircon
a mineral, silicate of zirconium, originally found in Ceylon, and forming one of the gems, being met with either colorless or colored-red, brownish-green, etc. Hyacinth and jargon are varieties.
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Zirconia
the oxide of zircon, a hard white solid, "sticks" of which are sometimes used in the oxyhydrogen flame instead of lime.
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Zirconia Light
an intensely brilliant light differing from the Drummond light mainly in the employment of cones of the oxide of zirconium instead of the less durable cylinders of lime. In 1867 Tessié du Motay introduced this light into Paris, and it was there employed for several years to illuminate squares and public buildings and gardens. The cones were formed of burnt zirconia kneaded into a paste withaqueous boracic acid, and hardened in iron molds at a red heat, and a mixture of oxygen and a highly carburetted gas was burnt to raise the cones to incandescence. The light was also once used as an illuminant in public places of Brussels and Vienna, and in the United States in lighthouses and public works.
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Zirconium
Zr 89:6; a somewhat rare metal, intermediate in many of its properties to aluminum and silicum. Its oxide, zirconia, was first prepared by Klaproth in 1789 from the mineral zircon, which is essentially a silicate of zirconium, and is found crystallized in square prismatic or octahedric crystals.
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Zirknitz
or CZIRKNICZ (tsirk nits), a lake of Austria; in Carniola, 30 miles E. N. E. of Trieste; about 5 miles long and between 2 and 3 broad, without surface outlet. It is remarkable for the occasional disappearance of its waters for weeks and even months, during which its bottom is often covered with luxuriant herbage. Its bed is composed of limestone, and full of deep fissures and caverns through which the waters disappear, returning when the rain sets
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Zittau
a town of Saxony; on the Mandau, near its junction with the Neisse; is an important railway center, 26 miles S. E. of Bautzen and 21 S. S. W. of Görlitz. The chief buildings are the Church of St. John and the Byzantine Rathhaus. Zittau stands in the center of a district rich in lignite, and in its neighborhood is a group of busy manufacturing villages . It is also the center of the linen and damask industry of Saxony, and has manufactures of woolens, besides bleachfields, dye works, and iron foundries. Pop. about 40,000. German ge
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Zittel
KARL ALFRED VON, a geologist and palæontologist; born in Bahlingen, Sept. 25, 1839. He became professor ssor in the University of Munich in 1866. He was author of "Travels in Sweden and Norway" (1860); "From Primordial Time" (2d ed . 1875); "Letters from the Libyan Desert" (1875); "The Sahara " (1885). Died in 1904.
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Zoaphite
According to the Journal des Voyages of Jean Zulu Witchfinders deal of it and most of them keep it carefully in their houses, where the author of the Journal des Voyages saw it several times. It grows on a stalk about three feet in height, to which it is attached by a sort of tendril. On this tendril it can move about, and turn and bend towards the herbs on which it feeds, and without which it soon drys up and withers. Wolves love it, and devour it with avidity, because it tastes like the flesh of amb. The author adds that he has been assured that it has bones, flesh, and blood, whence it is also known in its native country as Zoaphite, or animal plant.
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Zodiacal Light
a pearly spreading over a portion of the sky near the point at which the sun is just about to rise in the morning , or has just set in the evening. It extends from the horizon to a considerable distance toward the zenith, and is best seen in the tropics in spring evenings, about the time of the vernal equinox. In the latitude of London it is seen chiefly in the W. part of the sky in early spring after the evening twilight, and at the close of autumn before daybreak in the E. horizon. The generally accepted theory of the zodiacal light is that it consists of a continuous disk, whether of meteors or any other substance, in which the sun is central.
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