Zoe
Empress of the daughter of Constantine VIII.; became the wife of Romanus III. in 1028, when she in the 48th year of her age. was wadebauched woman, and became the murderess of her husband, in order to place her lover on the throne, who reigned under the title of Michael IV. The latter dying, was succeeded by his nephew, Michael V., who was deposed by the people, and Zoe and her sister Theodora proclaimed joint sovereigns. She displayed great ability and firmness in the government, and in 1042 married Constantine Monomachus. She reigned death at the age of 70, in till her 1050.01
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Zohar
(See Kabala.) Struys, a species of Cucumber which feeds on neighbouring plants. Its fruit has the form of a lamb, with the head, feet, and tail of that animal distinctly apparent, whence it it is called, in the language of the country, Canaret, or Conarer, signifying a lamb. Its skin is covered with a white down as delicate as silk. The Tartars think a great
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Zoisite
an orthorhombic mineral formerly regarded as a variety of epidote, but now shown to be a distinct species; hardness, 6-6.5; sp. gr., 3.11-3.38; luster, pearly on cleavage faces, vitreous elsewhere; color, shades of gray, apple green, peach blossom to rose red. EMILE ZOLA
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Zola
EMILE, a French novelist; born in Paris, France, April 2, 1840; the son of an Italian engineer. After working for Paris publishers and writing for the press he attempted fiction with success. He first appeared as a novelist in "The Mysteries of Marseilles." "Thérèse Raquin" further exhibited his remarkable power of critical analysis of human nature. "L'Assommoir," perhaps his most popular work, has gone through 50 Bouileditions. Author of "Nana," a," "Pot le," "The Earth," "The Human Brute," and other works. M. Zola was appointed 1888 a Knight of the Legion of Honor in 1888, and elected (April, 1891) President of the Society of Men of Letters. In 1892 he published "The Downfall," and "Doctor Pascal" in June, 1893. This book was the final volume of the famous Rougon Macquart series of 20 volumes, and was dedicated to the memory of M. Zola's mother and to his wife. During 1894 he published "Lourdes," a love story, set in the scenery of the famous resort of French pilgrims. "Rome" followed in 1896, "Paris" in 1897, and "Fecundity" in 1899. During 1897 and 1898 he took of up with splendid courage the cause Captain Dreyfus, whom he declared to have been illegally condemned, and was, consequently, prosecuted by order of the government, and condemned to imprisonment. He escaped to England. He died Sept. 29, 1902.
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Zola, Emile
Emile (1840-1902), a noted French novelist. He was a native of Paris. He attended a lyceum or college, but was refused the honor of graduation on the score of illiteracy. He had experience as a clerk, as a salesman in a bookstore, and as a writer for the papers. He attained some standing in the world of letters. He then set himself to work to produce a series of novels dealing with the weakest and vilest phases of Parisian life. Murder, adultery, theft, poisoning, drunkenness, idleness, department stores, mining, mining railways, stock-broking, and misgovernment are some of the topics treated by a busy and rapid pen. The general impression of the literary world is not favorable to Zola. During his later years Zola did much to commend himself by persistent defense of a Captain Dreyfus who had been accused unjustly of treasonable correspondence with the German government. See Dreyfus
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Zoological Garden
a public garden in which a collection of animals is kept. t. The gardens of the Zoological Society, Regent's Park, gent's Park, London (famil- Zoo"), founded in 1828 iarly termed "the , are probably the finest of the kind in the world. They belong to the Zoological Society of London, which was founded in 1826. Of the other chief zoölogical gardens, the Jardin des Plantes in Paris is the oldest, having been founded in 1794. The most important zoölogical gardens in the United States are in New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. The S. E. section of Bronx Park (654 acres), New York, comprising 261 acres, is in charge of the New York Zoological Society, who have developed there the most extensive developed zoölogical garden in the country and one of the best in the world.
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Zosimus
a Greek historian; author of a "History of the Roman Emperors" from Augustus to A. D. 410. In this work, which is ably executed, he inveighs bitterly against the Christian emperors, particularly Constantine and Theodosius I. The best edition of Zosimus is that of Bekker (1837), forming a volume of Niebuhr's "Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ." An English translation of the history appeared in 1814 (Military Library).
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Zrinyi
COUNT NIKLAS, a Hungarian military officer; became famous for his defense of Sziget with 3,000 men against a Turkish army in August-September, 1566. While the enemy was forcing a narrow bridge leading to the castle on September 7, he ordered the gates to be opened and after firing a mortar filled with broken iron into their midst sallied forth at the head of 600 men. He was soon mortally shot, and several thousand Turks swarmed into the castle, where a mine of 3,000 pounds gunpowder exploded immediately after their entrance, causing great carnage.
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Zschokke
JOHANN HEINRICH DANIEL, a German author; born in Magdeburg, Germany, March 22, 1771. He was educated at the University of Frankfort-on-the-Oder, and settled in Switzerland, in which country he held an honored po position in connection with education and public affairs, and with the press. His autobiography, several of his tales, and the "Hours of Devotion," have been translated into English. He died in 1848.
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Zueblin
CHARLES, an American educator cator and publicist; born in Pendleton, Ind., in 1866. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, Northwestern University, Yale, and the University of Leipzig. In 1891 he founded the Northwestern University Settlement. In 1892 he became the first secretary of the Chicago Society for University Extension. From 1892 to 1895 he was instructor; from 1895 to 1896 assistant professor; from 1896 to 1902 associate professor; and from 1902 to 1908 full professor of sociology at the University of Chicago. In 1911-1912 he was editor of the "20th Century Magazine." He lectured extensively and contributed frequently to philosophical and sociological journals, and to many of the most prominent magazines and reviews. From 1901 to 1902 he was president of the American League for Civic Improvement. He wrote: "American Municipal Progress" (1902); "A Decade of Civic Development" (1905); "The Religion of the Democrat" (1908); "Democracy and the Over-man" (1911).
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