Zittel
KARL ALFRED VON, a geologist and palæontologist; born in Bahlingen, Sept. 25, 1839. He became professor ssor in the University of Munich in 1866. He was author of "Travels in Sweden and Norway" (1860); "From Primordial Time" (2d ed . 1875); "Letters from the Libyan Desert" (1875); "The Sahara " (1885). Died in 1904.
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Zoaphite
According to the Journal des Voyages of Jean Zulu Witchfinders deal of it and most of them keep it carefully in their houses, where the author of the Journal des Voyages saw it several times. It grows on a stalk about three feet in height, to which it is attached by a sort of tendril. On this tendril it can move about, and turn and bend towards the herbs on which it feeds, and without which it soon drys up and withers. Wolves love it, and devour it with avidity, because it tastes like the flesh of amb. The author adds that he has been assured that it has bones, flesh, and blood, whence it is also known in its native country as Zoaphite, or animal plant.
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Zodiacal Light
a pearly spreading over a portion of the sky near the point at which the sun is just about to rise in the morning , or has just set in the evening. It extends from the horizon to a considerable distance toward the zenith, and is best seen in the tropics in spring evenings, about the time of the vernal equinox. In the latitude of London it is seen chiefly in the W. part of the sky in early spring after the evening twilight, and at the close of autumn before daybreak in the E. horizon. The generally accepted theory of the zodiacal light is that it consists of a continuous disk, whether of meteors or any other substance, in which the sun is central.
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Zoe
Empress of the daughter of Constantine VIII.; became the wife of Romanus III. in 1028, when she in the 48th year of her age. was wadebauched woman, and became the murderess of her husband, in order to place her lover on the throne, who reigned under the title of Michael IV. The latter dying, was succeeded by his nephew, Michael V., who was deposed by the people, and Zoe and her sister Theodora proclaimed joint sovereigns. She displayed great ability and firmness in the government, and in 1042 married Constantine Monomachus. She reigned death at the age of 70, in till her 1050.01
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Zohar
(See Kabala.) Struys, a species of Cucumber which feeds on neighbouring plants. Its fruit has the form of a lamb, with the head, feet, and tail of that animal distinctly apparent, whence it it is called, in the language of the country, Canaret, or Conarer, signifying a lamb. Its skin is covered with a white down as delicate as silk. The Tartars think a great
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Zoisite
an orthorhombic mineral formerly regarded as a variety of epidote, but now shown to be a distinct species; hardness, 6-6.5; sp. gr., 3.11-3.38; luster, pearly on cleavage faces, vitreous elsewhere; color, shades of gray, apple green, peach blossom to rose red. EMILE ZOLA
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Zola
EMILE, a French novelist; born in Paris, France, April 2, 1840; the son of an Italian engineer. After working for Paris publishers and writing for the press he attempted fiction with success. He first appeared as a novelist in "The Mysteries of Marseilles." "Thérèse Raquin" further exhibited his remarkable power of critical analysis of human nature. "L'Assommoir," perhaps his most popular work, has gone through 50 Bouileditions. Author of "Nana," a," "Pot le," "The Earth," "The Human Brute," and other works. M. Zola was appointed 1888 a Knight of the Legion of Honor in 1888, and elected (April, 1891) President of the Society of Men of Letters. In 1892 he published "The Downfall," and "Doctor Pascal" in June, 1893. This book was the final volume of the famous Rougon Macquart series of 20 volumes, and was dedicated to the memory of M. Zola's mother and to his wife. During 1894 he published "Lourdes," a love story, set in the scenery of the famous resort of French pilgrims. "Rome" followed in 1896, "Paris" in 1897, and "Fecundity" in 1899. During 1897 and 1898 he took of up with splendid courage the cause Captain Dreyfus, whom he declared to have been illegally condemned, and was, consequently, prosecuted by order of the government, and condemned to imprisonment. He escaped to England. He died Sept. 29, 1902.
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Zola, Emile
Emile (1840-1902), a noted French novelist. He was a native of Paris. He attended a lyceum or college, but was refused the honor of graduation on the score of illiteracy. He had experience as a clerk, as a salesman in a bookstore, and as a writer for the papers. He attained some standing in the world of letters. He then set himself to work to produce a series of novels dealing with the weakest and vilest phases of Parisian life. Murder, adultery, theft, poisoning, drunkenness, idleness, department stores, mining, mining railways, stock-broking, and misgovernment are some of the topics treated by a busy and rapid pen. The general impression of the literary world is not favorable to Zola. During his later years Zola did much to commend himself by persistent defense of a Captain Dreyfus who had been accused unjustly of treasonable correspondence with the German government. See Dreyfus
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Zoological Garden
a public garden in which a collection of animals is kept. t. The gardens of the Zoological Society, Regent's Park, gent's Park, London (famil- Zoo"), founded in 1828 iarly termed "the , are probably the finest of the kind in the world. They belong to the Zoological Society of London, which was founded in 1826. Of the other chief zoölogical gardens, the Jardin des Plantes in Paris is the oldest, having been founded in 1794. The most important zoölogical gardens in the United States are in New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. The S. E. section of Bronx Park (654 acres), New York, comprising 261 acres, is in charge of the New York Zoological Society, who have developed there the most extensive developed zoölogical garden in the country and one of the best in the world.
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