Zug
a central and the smallest undivided canton of Switzerland, bounded by Zürich, Schwyz, Lucerne, and Aargau. The surface, which is generally mountainous in the S. E. and S., where the Rossberg occupies the frontier slopes more or less gradually N. and W., till it becomes comparatively flat. The only lakes deserving the name are those of Zug and Egeri. The climate, rigorous in the mountainous districts, is mild on the lower S. slopes. The chief exports are cattle, fruits, cider, and "kirschwasser." Area, 92 square miles; pop. about 25,000. ZUG, the capital, stands on the N. shore of the lake, is 12 miles N. E. of Lucerne, with which and with Zürich it is connected by railway.
LAKE OF, or ZUGERSEE, small body of water lying chiefly in the miles long canton of Zug, Switzerland, 9 N. to S., and in breadth from 3 miles to 1 mile. The shores are low in all directions except the S. and S. E. In the former direction the Rigi with Mount Pilatus towering behind it, and in the latter the Rossberg, rise in lofty precipices, scenery of a grand descrippresenting of the Rossberg the tion. At At the foot fishing lake is 1,200 feet deep. The , principally pike and carp, is productive.
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Zumpt
KARL, a German _classical , philologist; born in Berlin, Germany March 20, 1792. He was appointed Pro- Literature in the Unifessor of Roman versity of Berlin in 1836. His greatest 13th work, the "Latin Grammar" (1818; ed. 1874), was translated into English, of several of the Latin and is the basis grammars since compiled for the use of annotated schools. He also prepared classics; editions of several of the Latin Kingand wrote: "Annals of Ancient doms, Nations, etc." (1819), in Latin; "The Roman Knights and the equestrian Order" (1840); "On the Duration of the , and the Philosophic Schools at Athens Succession of the Scholarchs" (1843); "On the Law and the Proofs of Extortion" (Repetundarum; 1845); "The Personal Liberty of the Roman Citizen, and its Legal Guarantees" (1846). He died in Karlsbad, June 25, 1849.
AUGUST (tsömpt), a Gerclassical philologist, nephew of man Karl; born in Königsberg, Germany, Dec. 4, 1815. His studies had to do mainly with Roman epigraphy in its reworks lation to history. His principal 1845) are: "The Ancyran Monument" ( ; "Epigraphical Notes" (2 vols. 1850- 1854); "Roman Studies" (1859); "Crim- ( inal Law under the Roman Republic" 4) vols. 1865-1869); "The Birth-Year of Christ" (1869); "Criminal Trials under in Berthe Roman Republic." He died lin, April 22, 1877.
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Zuni
a short range of mountains in Valencia County, New Mexico . For Zuni Indians, see HOPI.
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Zunz
LEOPOLD (tsönts), a German author; born in Detmold, Germany, Aug. 10, 1794; became head-master of the Jewish Normal School for Teachers in Berlin. He was the founder of the "Science of Judaism," the plan of which was laid down in his "A Little about Rabbinic Literature" (1818). Very important was his work "Jewish Teachings Regarding Worship" (1892). Among his other works are: "The Synagogue Poetry of the Middle Ages"; "The Names of the Jews" (1836); "Jewish Requirements as to Oaths" (1859). He died in Berlin, March 17, 1886.
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Zurbaran
FRANCISCO, a Spanish painter; born in Fuente de Cantos, Estremadura, Spain, in 1598. His genius showing itself early, he was sent to Seville, where he studied the art under Juan de las Roelas. His style bears a strong resemblance to, and is probably an imitation of, that of Caravaggio; so that he early acquired the title of the Spanish Caravaggio. Most of his works are at Seville, and among them his picture of "St. Thomas Aquinas" is considered the best. He was some time employed at Madrid, and had the title of painter to Philip III. and Philip IV. He died in 1662.
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Zutphen
a town in the Dutch province of Guelderland; on the Yssel, here joined by the Berk Berkel ; 18 miles N. N. E. of Arnhem. Of buildings the chief are the Great Church (1103; restored 1857) and the "Wijn Huis" tower. At Rysselt, 3 miles N., is the boys' reformatory of "Nederlandsch Mettray" (1851). Zütpen has manufactures of paper, oil, leather, etc. It has been several times besieged; and in a skirmish on the field of Warnsfield, a little to the E., SIR PHILIP SIDNEY (q. v.) received his death wound from a Spanish bullet, Oct. 2, 1586. Pop., commune, about 20,000.
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Zvenigorodka
a town of European Russia, in the province of Kiev; on the Tikitch river; 96 miles S. S. E. of the town of Kiev; has numerous sulphur springs in its neighborhood.
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Zvornik
a town in Bosnia, Jugoslavia, on the Drina; 68 miles N. E. of Serajevo. The inhabitants are partly Serbian, partly Catholic and to some extent Mohammedan. The coal and lead mines are rich though undeveloped. Zvornik, which is a fortress of great strength, was occupied by the Russians, Sept. 27, 1878.
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Zwickau
a picturesque city of Saxony; irregularly built in its older portions, in a pleasant valley on the left bank of the Mulde; 82 miles S. W. of Dresden. Of its churches the most noteworthy is the Gothic Marienkirche, which dates from 1451, was restored in 1839-1842, and has a tower 285 feet high. The The old castle has been converted into a prison. The town carries on many manufactures; but the chief source of its wealth is the rich beds of coal in the surrounding district, which employ 8,000 miners. Pop. (1896) 50,391. For the Prophets of Zwickau, see ANABAPTISTS.
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Zwinger
THEODORE, THE EL- DER (tsvinger) (Latin ZWINGERUS, zwin-jē'rus), a famous Swiss physician and scholar; born in Basel, Switzerland, in 1533; became Professor of Greek at Basel in 1565. He wrote: "Theater of Human Life" (1565), a collection of anecdotes, etc. He died in Basel, in 1588.
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Zwingli, Ulrich
tswing'lee, Ulrich (1484-1531), a Swiss reformer. He was the son of a bailiff in the canton of St. Gall. He studied philosophy and theology at Basel, Berne, and Vienna, and in 1506 took up the work of a parish priest at Glarus. A few years later he served as chaplain in the papal army then operating against the French. In 1516 he was made preacher in the convent of Einsiedeln, then the resort of many pilgrims. In this office he began calling on the Bishop of Constance to reform the Church. He set his face against the preaching of indulgences and became shortly the acknowledged leader of the citizens of Zurich in opposition to the Church of Rome. In 1524, following the example of Luther, with whom he was in correspondence and substantial accord, he married. He may be regarded as the leader of Swiss Protestants of German nationality. Calvin was the leader of the French Protestants. In 1531, in a war between Zurich and the Catholic cantons of Lake Lucerne, Schwyz, Uri, Unterwalden, and Zug, Zwingli took the field, bearing the consecrated banner of his canton, and was slain in battle. Zwingli's Greek Bible with Hebrew annotations in his own hand is preserved in the town library of Zurich. His sword, battleax, coat of mail, and helmet are kept in the town arsenal.
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