Stinnes
Stinnes names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Stinnes HUGO, German capitalist and financial leader
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HUGO, German capitalist and financial leader, was born at Mulheim, Germany, Feb. 12, 1870. He recommercial education and ceived a studied for a short time at the Berlin School of Mines. At twenty he inherited large coal-mine interests, which he rapidly increased until his holdings constituted 10 per cent of Germany's 's entire coal production. During the World War he played a leading part in the organization of German industries and increased his personal wealth enormously. He acquired great shipping and other interests and purchased the control of many newspapers, among them the "Deutsche Allegemeine Zeitung," the recognized official organ of the government. In politics he allied himself with the Pan-German popular party after the war and became a central figure in public life, wielding a powerful influence on German cabinets and all government decisions through his vast industrial and financial interests. Among his pioneer achievements in German industrial organization was the consolidation and integration of the gas and electrical utilities of the Essen district, leading on to larger and larger plans for the integration of industry and the joint ownership of utilities by producers, consumers, and consuming communities, but with the direction of individual industries left in private control. STRATOSPHERE or ISOTHERMAL LAYER, a region of the upper atmosphere within which investigations have shown that the temperature ceases to fall with altitude. Its average height above the earth is between six and seven miles. Its thickness has not been definitely ascertained. It is free from clouds and its wind and air currents are markedly different from those of the lower atmosphere. STRAYS or STATIC, erratic electrical disturbances in wireless telegraphy whose origin is not yet fully known. Some strays appear to be due to distant lightning discharges. Others, according to present theory, are caused by electrical disturbances in the upper atmosphere.
Stinnes HUGO the_stars_themselves
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HUGO the_stars_themselves. First discovered the by Lord Rosse about the middle of the 19th century, their existence has more recently been revealed to the estimated number of hundreds of thousands. The largest to be seen is the great nebula in Andromeda, of which photographic study has shown the spiral form and has further revealed "knots" or gathering condensations in the arms of the spirals suggestive of new stars in process of formation. It has also been shown by spectrum analysis that the nebula is composed of non-gaseous matter. These discoveries, together with the finding of spiral nebulæ in such vast numbers in the heavens as to indicate the existence of some universal law governing their formation, has led to the proposal of the spiral or planetesimal hypothesis sis of the solar system. (See PLANETESIMAL HYPOTHESIS.) STAR STREAMING, a recently discovered condition in the stellar universe in accordance with which the stars of the heavens are moving through space in two great streams or drifts inclined to one another at an angle of 100 degrees. The discovery is thought to have important bearings on theories of the universe, and much study is being given to the nature of the stars in the two streams.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
When Collier's wrote this in 1921, Stinnes was at his height, described as wielding "a powerful influence on German cabinets". He died on 10 April 1924, aged 54, after gall-bladder surgery, and the sprawling conglomerate he had assembled — coal, steel, shipping, electricity, hotels and newspapers — broke apart within about two years, its debts exposed once the hyperinflation that had financed his borrowing was halted by currency reform. Historians now treat him less as an industrial visionary than as the "inflation king" who grew rich on Germany's collapsing mark. A trading firm bearing the family name survived into the modern era and was bought by Deutsche Bahn in 2002, after which the Stinnes name was folded into its Schenker logistics business.
Written for this edition, 2026.