Stone
Stone names 11 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Stone ARTIFICIAL. Most varieties of artificial stone (using the term
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ARTIFICIAL. Most varieties of artificial stone (using the term in a restricted sense, excluding brick and terra-cotta) have a base of hydraulic mortar, with which sand and pulverized stone of different kinds are mixed. Mr. Ransome of Ipswich, England, introduced a kind of artificial stone in which siliceous instead of calcareous matter was employed as the cementing material. The process at present followed in the manufacture of this artificial stone consists in carefully mixing well-dried sand and dust of chalk with silicate of soda, obtained by digesting flints under pressure in a boiling solution of caustic soda. After molding, the blocks are exposed to the action in vacuo of chloride of calcium in a solution, where, by chemical reaction, the block is transformed into a silicate of lime, a body of un- The usual strength and durability. other compound formed is chloride of sodium, or common salt, and is removed with water. The artificial stone of Sorel, a French chemist, is made by mixing a cement formed of the basic oxychloride of magnesium with sand, chalk, or powdered marble. The coment, which may be molded of itself into a hard stone, is procured by acting on protoxide of magnesium (calcined and ground carbonate of magnesia or magnesite) with a concentrated solution of chloride of magnesium.
Stone the material obtained from rocks
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the material obtained from rocks; the kind of substance they produce. Also a gem; a precious stone. Something made of stone; as a monument erected to preserve the memory of the dead; a gravestone. Something which resembles a stone; as (a) a calcareous concretion in the kidneys or bladder; hence, the disease arising from a calculus (see CALCULUS); (b) the nut of a drupe or stone fruit; the hard covering inclosing the kernel, and itself inclosed by the pericarp; the hard and bony endocarp of a drupaceous fruit. The word is also applied to a measure of weight in use throughout the northwest and central countries of Europe, but varying much in different places. The English imperial standard stone is a weight of 14 pounds avoirdupois, but there are stones of other weights for particular commodities; thus the stone of butcher's meat or fish is 8 pounds, of cheese 16 pounds, of hemp 32 pounds, of glass 5 pounds, etc. Stone is not used as a technical term in either petrology or geology, though it enters into the composition of words in those sciences, as Portland stone.
Stone ELLEN M., an American missionary
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ELLEN M., an American missionary; born in Roxbury, Mass., July 24, 1846; received a public school education; settled in Chelsea, Mass., in 1860; became a teacher; and for 11 years was on the staff of the "Congregationalist." She went to Bulgaria as a missionary in 1878. About Sept. 1, 1901, with a companion, Mme. Tsilka, xa, a native Bulgarian teacher, she was kidnaped by brigands who a few days later demanded an indemnity of $110,000, the money to be paid within 30 days. On Sept. 5, the news of Miss Stone's detention reached the United States, and her friends immediately notified the State Department at Washington and began a popular subscription to raise the required amount. The United States Government communicated with the Bulgarian and Turkish authorities, who ordered troops to search for the retreat of the brigands for the purpose of releasing the captives. On
Stone JOHN STONE, an American electrical engineer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOHN STONE, an American electrical engineer, born at Dover, Va., in 1869. He was educated at the School of Mines, Columbia University, and at Johns Hopkins University. From 1890 to 1899 he was an experimentalist with the American Bell Telephone Company, and from 1902 to 1910 successively director, vice - president, chief engineer, and president of the Stone Telegraph and Telephone Company. He was granted over 120 patents on inventions in connection with imp improvements in telephoning and telegraphy. Since 1899 he has been a consulting electrical engineer. He contributed many papers on electrical subjects to scientific and technical journals, was a member and at times an officer of many engineering societies; a member of the Committee of National Defense, and a delegate to the International Electrical Congress (1904) and to the Second Pan-American Congress (1917).
Stone The substances which enter into the composition of simple stones are silica
The Encyclopedia of Founding (1892)
The substances which enter into the composition of simple stones are silica, alumina, zirconia, glucina, lime, magnesia, etc., and the oxides of iron, manganese, nickel, chromium, and copper; and it is seldom that more than four or five of these substances are found combined in one stone. (See SILICA; SANDSTONE; ROCK; etc.) Artificial stone is produced by the cementing properties of soluble alkaline silicates on sand. Sand 10, glass 1, clay 1, silicate of soda 1, is brought to the consistency of putty in a pug-mill; this is moulded, dried, kilned at a red heat, and allowed to cool, thus forming a vitrified mass similar to sandstone. A later method produces the stone without baking by effecting a double composition with the silicate of soda and the chloride of calcium. See SOLUBLE GLASS.
Stone MELVILLE ELIJAH, an American journalist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
MELVILLE ELIJAH, an American journalist; born in Hudson, III., Aug. 22, 1848; settled in Chicago, Ill., and was there educated; began his newspaper career in 1864 when he reported for the Chicago "Tribune"; later with a partner he founded the Chicago 99 STONE AGE, or AGE OF STONE "Daily News," of which he afterward became sole owner. In 1881 with Victor F. Lawson he founded the Chicago "Morning News" which subsequently became the Chicago "Record." Owing to ill health he retired from newspaper work in 1888 and spent several years abroad. Returning to the United States he settled in New York City, and was made general manager of the Associated a series of reminiscent articles in 1920. Press in 1898. He published
Stone WILLIAM LEETE, an American author
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM LEETE, an American author; born in New Paltz, N. Y., April 20, 1792; became a printer in the office of the Cooperstown "Federalist" at the age of 17, and in 1813 began to edit the Herkimer "American." Subsequently he edited the "Hudson Whig," "The Lounger, Lounger," Albany "Daily Advertiser," Hartford "Mirror," "The Knights of the Round Table" and the New York "Advertiser." His works include, "History of the Great Albany Convention of 1821"; "Tales and Sketches"; "Essays on Social and Literary Topics "; " Life of Joseph Brant "; " Life of Red Jacket- Sa - go - ye - wat - ha "; etc. He died in Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Aug. 15, 1844.
Stone FRED ANDREW, an American actor
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FRED ANDREW, an American actor, born in Longmont, Colo., in 1873. He first appeared eared on the stage at the age of 11 at Topeka, Kan., began traveling with the Sells-Renfew circus in 1886, played "Topsy" in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and in 1894 formed a partnership with the late David Montgomery, with whom he appeared for many years with great success both in this country and in England. During recent years the plays in which he was most successful were: "Wizard of Oz," "The Red Mill," "The Old Town," "Jack o' Lantern," and "Tip Top."
Stone WILLIAM LEETE, an American historian
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM LEETE, an American historian, son of the preceding; born in New York City, April 4, 1835; was graduated at Brown University in 1858 and admitted to the bar in 1859. He was Centennial historian for the State of New York; honorary member of the Chicago, Buffalo, New Haven Colony, and other historical societies and organizations, and the author of "The Life and Times of Sir William Johnson, Bart.," "Revolutionary Letters," ," "History of New York City," "Ballads of the Burgoyne Campaign," "The Life of George Clinton," etc. He died June 11, 1908.
Stone LUCY (BLACKWELL)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
LUCY (BLACKWELL), an American reformer; born in West Brookfield, Mass., Aug. 13, 1818. She was graduated at Oberlin College in 1847. In 1855 she married Dr. Henry B. Blackwell, retaining her own name. She published a protest, "Taxation Without Representation." In 1869 she helped organize the American Woman's Suffrage Association; became connected with the "Woman's Journal" in 1872, and was editor after 1888. Her lectures on woman suffrage made her known throughout the country. She died in Boston, Mass., Oct. 18, 18, 1893.
Stone ELLEN M. Feb
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ELLEN M. Feb. 6, $72,500 of the ransom demanded was paid, and on Feb. 23 Miss Stone was released. She published a book describing her experiences in 1903.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Of the eleven Stones gathered here, the one that grew in stature is Ellen M. Stone, whose 1901 abduction Collier's reports mid-story in 1921: she and Katerina Tsilka, who gave birth in captivity, were freed in February 1902 after a public subscription paid a ransom to Macedonian revolutionaries, and the affair is now routinely described as America's first modern hostage crisis. John Stone Stone, listed in 1921 as a consulting engineer with 120 patents, is remembered today not for the Stone Telegraph and Telephone Company but for his fundamental patents on tuned radio circuits; Melville E. Stone mattered less as founder of the Chicago Daily News than as the man who ran the Associated Press for nearly three decades. The artificial-stone entries have dated hardest: Ransome's silicate-of-soda process and Sorel's magnesium oxychloride were both overtaken by Portland cement concrete, though Sorel cement survives in flooring and grinding wheels. The stone as a weight has narrowed rather than vanished, the 8-pound meat stone and 32-pound hemp stone are gone, but 14 pounds is still how millions in Britain and Ireland state their body weight.
Written for this edition, 2026.