Strong
Strong names 4 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Strong RICHARD PEARSON, an American scientist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
RICHARD PEARSON, an American scientist, born at Fortress Monroe, Va., in 1872. He was educated at Yale University and in 1897 received the degree of M.D. from Johns Hopkins University. He also studied at the University of Berlin, and received honorary degrees from Yale and Harvard. After having served as resident house physician at Johns Hopkins Hospital, he was appointed a first lieutenant and assistant surgeon, U. S. A., in July, 1898, and, in the following year, president of the board for investigating tropical diseases in the Philippine Islands. He established and directed the work of the Army Pathological Laboratory and from 1901 to 1913 was director of the government biological laboratory at Manila. From 1907 to 1913 he was professor of tropical medicine at the University of the Philippine Islands, and in 1913 became professor of tropical medicine at Harvard University. In 1915 he served as medical director of the International and American Red Cross Sanitary Commission to Serbia. During the World War he served in the Medical Reserve Corps, first with the British and French armies and later at A. E. F. Headquarters, being promoted eventually colonel, M. R. C. He was a member of the Headquarters Investigating Committee and of the Inter-Allied Sanitary Commission in charge of the Division of Infectious Diseases. From December, 1918, to April, 1919, he was the director of the Department of Medical Research, American Red Cross, and in August, 1919, became general medical director of the League of Red Cross Societies. He war decorated with the D. S. M. and also received British, French, Chinese and Serbian decorations. He was a delegate to many international congresses and a member and officer of many domestic and foreign medical and scientific societies.
Strong FRANK, an American educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FRANK, an American educator, born at Venice, N. Y., in 1859. He was educated at Yale University and received honorary degrees from Baker University, Kansas State Agricultural College, and the University of Oregon. From 1886 to 1888 he practiced law at Kansas City, Mo.; from 1888 to 1892 he was principal of St. Joseph (Mo.) High School; from 1892 to 1895 superintendent of schools at Lincoln, Neb.; from 1897 to 1899 lecturer on history at Yale University; from 1899 to 1902 president of the University of Oregon; and beginning with August, 1902, chancellor of the University of Kansas. He was a member and officer of various educational associations and during the World War served on the Kansas State Council of Defense, on the executive committee of the Kansas Food Administration and on the War Council of the National Association of State Universities. Besides contributing to magazines he wrote "The Life of Benjamin Franklin" and "Government of the American People" (1901).
Strong JOSIAH, an American clergyman
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOSIAH, an American clergyman; born in Naperville, Ill., Jan. 19, 1847; settled with his parents in Hudson, O., in 1852; was graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1869 and received a theological training at Lane Theological Seminary; was ordained in the Congregational Church, and held pastorates in Wyoming and Ohio; was secretary of the Evangelical Alliance for the United States in 1886-1898. In the latter year he was made president of the League for Social Service. His publications include: "Our Country" (1885); "The New Era" (1893); "The Twentieth Century City" (1898); "Religious Movements for Social Betterment" (1900); "Expansion" (1900); "The Challenge of the City" (1907); "My Religion and Everyday Life" (1913); "Our World: and the New World Life" (1915). He died in 1916.
Strong BENJAMIN, an American banker and public_official
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
BENJAMIN, an American banker and public_official, born at Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y., in 1872. He was educated in the pub public schools of Montclair, N. J., after which he entered the he banking business in New York City, becoming later secretary of the Atlantic Trust Co. and of the Metropolitan Trust Co. and president of the Bankers Trust Co. In 1914 he was appointed governor of the Federal Reserve Bank, New York City. He was a member of various scientific, economic, and commercial associations.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Three of the four men Collier's listed in 1921 were still living, and their later careers matter more than the entries suggest. Benjamin Strong, described simply as "governor of the Federal Reserve Bank, New York City," became the dominant force in American monetary policy through the 1920s; his death in 1928 is the pivot of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz's argument that a leaderless Fed turned the 1929 crash into the Great Depression. Richard Pearson Strong lived to 1948 and led the 1926-27 Harvard expedition to Liberia, but his reputation now carries what the entry omits: the experiments he ran on Bilibid Prison inmates in Manila, including a 1906 cholera vaccination that was contaminated with plague bacilli and killed a number of prisoners, later cited at the Nuremberg medical trial. Frank Strong stepped down as chancellor of Kansas in 1920 and is remembered chiefly in the name of Strong Hall, while Josiah Strong's "Our Country" (1885), listed here as a plain title, is read today as a central document of Anglo-Saxon expansionism as much as of the Social Gospel.
Written for this edition, 2026.