Texas (State in the South Central)

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a State in the South Central Division of the North American Union; bounded by Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, the States of Chihua in Mexico hua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas , and the Gulf of Mexico; admitted to the Union Dec. 29, 1845; capital, Austin; number of counties, 253; area, 265,780 square miles; pop. (1890) 2,235,527; (1900) 3,048,710; (1910) 3,896,542; (1920) 4,663,228. Topography-The surface in the N.W. is covered with mountains, which, in proceeding S. E., subside into hills and undulating plateaus, succeeded on approaching the Gulf of Mexico, by low alluvial plains. These extend inland from 20 to 80 miles, are furrowed with deep ravines, and consist for the most part of rich prairie or forest land. The hilly region behind this is formed chiefly of sandstone and limestone ridges, separated by valleys of considerable fertility. In the mountainous region many of the summits are lofty, and covered with snow several months of the year. The general slope of the country gives all the rivers a more or less southerly direction. The Rio Grande, rising in Colorado, forms the W. and S. W. boundary of the state, from the 32d parallel to the sea. The Red river, which has its source in the Staked Plain, forms the greater part of the N. boundary. The other important rivers are the Colorado, the Brazos, the San Jacinto and Trinity, and the Sabine, which, during the greater part of its course, is the boundary between Texas and Louisiana. A long chain of lagoons stretches along the Gulf of Mexico. Geology-The Alluvial, Tertiary, Cretaceous, and Carboniferous periods are B A 98° C 100° 102° N A K Cimarron Tyrone Beatrice Amorita Postle Wakita Charleston Coin Capron Hooker Kenton Garrett Byron Freedom Zelma Sheltono Medfordo Optima Palace Dombey Beaver Alva Ashley Jefferson Bampselo Beaver O SALINE RES. Avard Redpoint Laverne Cr Stockholm Cherokee Jet Guymon Hardesty Conroy SALINE RES. Pondcreek Wayndkao Mooreland Ivanhoe o Terhoma Carmen o • Bertrand Curtis Supply Aline Helena Golthy Stillwater Catesby Woodward Togo Cleo Texline Rogerstown LIPSCOMB Enid Stratford HANSFORD O Ochiltree Lipscomb DALLAMO SHERMAN Hansford Ringwood Gage Waukomis Fairview Ware Murray Coldwater Shattuck Hackberry OCHILTREE Rusk Marshall Higgins Fonda Zulu Dalhart Okeene Coburn o Seiling Hennessey Parkman 36 Taloga Cantonment Glazier HUTCHIN HARTLEY Dumas Hitchcock Crescent R. Grand Raymond SON o Adobe Walls Canadian 10 Yukon MOORE Plemons Watonga Burman Middlewater Hartley ROBERTS HEMPHILL Crawford X Aledoo o Fiela Canaan Kingfisher Mendota Bravo % Macarthur Thomas Miami Channing Okarche Geary Murdo Custer د Mobeetie Pampa Arapaho Hammon Chevenne CARSON Lefors Tascosa Washita Jo Weatherford Bridgeport 国 WHEELER Harringtoń Panhandle OLDHAM Busch Foss Union • FOTTER GRAY Bessie O Wheeler Wildorado Armarillo Sayre Alanreed Ramsdell Lela Bingerd Rock Lakeo Yarnall Sram bek Cordello Minco TELON Port Sentinel Washburno Dozier Tez la Erick Ft.Cobb Rocky Moview M RANDALL DONLEY COLLINGS Claude 0 Emma- Gotebo 2 DEAF SMITH ARMSTRONG Anadarko Clarendon Lelia, WORTH Granite Dawno te Wolf Hobart Canyon Praz airie Hereford O Minnekah Giles Wellington Apache Reed o Red Roosevelt Wayside Elgin Mungum Summerfield Happy Memphis Mondamin Frio Beverly Rush O Sterling Blair Snyder Ft. Sill W PARMER Dimmit SWISHER 10 Newlin Marlow CHIL Coralea Silverton Dog Cr. Hollis Bovina CASTRO Altus Indiahoma BRISCOE ISCOR Lawton DRESS HALD Olustee Tulia Farwell Manitou o O Geronimop Texico Harto Quitme Turkey Childress Hazel Kress o Frederick Ame Walter Chattanooga Agua Temple Plainview Olton Quanah Diaz Lockney Negra COMANCHES Northfield Floydada MOTLEY HARDEMAN BAILEY HALE Hastings Carro LAMB 3 FLOZ 103 Sugden COTTLE Vernon Electra Norfleet Byers WILBARGER WICHITA Ryan Growell Stripo Paducan Iowa Parko Petrolia Canyon Matador FOABD ZLO Wichita Falls Henrietta HOCKLEY Lubbock Double Mion L. Quemada Afton Dumont Lazarus Holliday Estacado Truscott CLAY Montagu LEBROCK Ralls. DICKENS COCHRAN Guthrie KNOX BAYLOR ARCHER Pue Bhiegrove Belle MONT Maybelle O Crosbyton Fulda Binjamin White Dickens KING Chineland Gorge Espuela CROSBY Newport Archer City Seymour Bomarton Slide Prospecto Buzzard. Mt. Knox v Tap Bronco Mundey Brownfield o Tahoka Cliff Spring Creek Cundiff Plains Farmer O'Brien Post • Weinert Throckmorton YOUNG Haskel JACK Clairemont STONEWALL YOAKUM nont O Luzon Aspermont GARZA TERRY LYAN Jackshore Bridgeport Sligo o Justiceburg KENTD 3 HASKELL THROCK- Double Sagerto MORTON Nowcastle Graham Jopli مرة Harry Woodson Brazos-R Pride Champ o Lalt L Star ford k Hamlino Ivan Mineralwells Brazos Ro Dowell GAINES Lamesa Gail Anson SHACKELFORD STEPHENS Snyder Roby کی DAMSON BORDEN Lueders Eclipse Seminole FISHER JONES Matthews Albany Breck Palo Pinto Millsap SCURRY Durham Breckenridge PALO PINTOL OClear o Bersie Wayland Pyron Eskota Gordon Santo Moran Honebeke Gunsight Granbury North MARTIN Signal Mt.o Schaffers L. Abilene Loraine Eastland Thurber Patilo H Sweetwater HOWARD Colorado Roscoe Clyde Baird Ciscop Ranger ANDREWS Bluffidale Tolar WestbrookNOLANO TAYLOR Conche CALLAHAN EASTLAND Glenrose MITCHELL Dora ERATH Morita Carbon o Dudley Bigspring Decker Gorman Lingleville Stephensville sour Walnut Stanton Ovalo Cottonwood Shep Germania Kron Water Holes Rising Staro De Leon o Midland 32 Silver -Tokeen- Crosscut Winter ECTOR Atoka Dublin Alexander Colorado Sterling City Robert Lee Garden COMANCHE Odessa Dry Well COKE Warfield City Lacy Cr Comanche Mico Meridian o Silver Val. May Coleman WINKLER Carlton GLASSCOCK Douro MIDLAND RUNOS R STERLING Tennyson o Fairy Ballinget Gustine Guests Well BROWN Santa Arina 1 Metz Midkiffo AN Bangs Brownwood Hamilton o Felix Power Aroya o Monahans Rower COLEMAN Bangs Miles Sta. Hill Reaganviewo Dalzell Mullin HAMILTON WARD Trickham! Pyote Jonespora Grandfalls Stacado Winchell MILLS Star San Angeloo Concho CRANE Stiles Int Rock UPTON TOM GREEN Gatesville Mercury Milburn Goldthwaite TRION Natural Wells REAGAN CORYELL DIN CHO Richland Sprs. Adamsville Knickerbocker Crothers don Sawyer Sherwood Horsehead Peco • Lometa Copperas- MC CULLOCH Crossing Christoval Vi San Saha LAMPASAS Cove, Brady SAN SABA hatpabab 4 Sloan Rudd Camp San Saba Chappel Voca Ft.Stockton SCHLEICHERM R O Hembrie Cherokee Valleyspring Tumlinson Briggs Adams Eldorado PECOS ENARD Capitola Fieldcreek BURNET- Llano Ozona Sheffield Mayer Bertram Mason Streeter o CRO CROCKETT MASON LLANO in Burnet + London o Kingsland Liberty Sonora Owenville Free Blue Mt Junction Hill Loyal Valley Marble Round SUTTON Falls Roosever KIMBLE Longfellow Emerson Sanderson 25 TERRELL GILLESPIE Johnson Fredericksburg Alber BLANCO Luckenbach Telegrap Noxville TRAVIS Haymonds. Taber Eldridge Dryden Rosenfeld Cortelyou of Dripping Sprs. AUSTIN Juno Beaver Watkins 30 Rocksprings KERR Kerrville HAYS Blanco o Lula Samuels o O VALVERDE San Marcos EDWARDS Comfort Kyle Centerpoint KENDALL BREWSTER Osman R. Shumla REAL BANDERA Boerne Wesson Henze Grande Meridian Mt. COMAL Martin Rona evils Barksdaled Tuff Santiago Mts. dale New Braunfels Leakey Vanderpool Bandera Comstock Bracken Rio Olga Schertzo Cibolo Feely Johnstone San Antonio Ft. SamADALU QUADALUPE Devils River KINNEY UVALDE MEDINA Bracket ville Nustos Sabina Boquillas Martinez-- Del Rio Hondo Noonan Waldo Lavernia, Standart BEXAR Stockdale ft. Clark o Calaveras WILSON Chatfield Kinney Lytleo Pavo Cline Spofford Devine Somerset Jimenez o Uralde 5 Floresville Nora o Moore Ditto Pleasanton Falls Cy. Batesville Darling FRIO Tobey o C Karnes Cy Remolino Pearsall M Jourdanton ZAVALL KARNES Crawford ATACOSA Eagle Pass Kenedy Atas cosa R. Lanavista Dilley R allin o 0 Porfirio Diaz Ft. Duncan E Tuleta Crowther Bermuda Zaragoza O Carrizo Spr 。 Millett Tilden El Zacate Oakville Cotulla Guerrero LASALLE MC MULLEN Nava Nuelos Mileag Tuna 102 LIVE OAK o Atlee 104° 106° Ramirena 28 EL PASO Guadalupe Mts Shaeffer S Guadalupe Pk. State Line Cactus 32 El Paso San Patricioe Miners WEBB Guadalne LOVING Yaoleta San Diego Alice Robstown Santa Rosa Sane Islitas Webb Dos Dixieland San Elizario N DUVAL Fabops HUDSPETH Benevides Hill 0 Julia HOM Mohado WARD Duvalo M Ben Bolt Nye Ft. Hancock Swedeno BarstowR Blanca CULBERSON! Toyah Laredo Brennans Brüniville Realitos Iser Wacoto Harriserra Eagle Flat O Pecos evo Laredo Van Plateau o Spur Sie Boracho Candelaria Ft. McIntosh Aguilares Kento Gomez REEVES Ochoa 。 Q Hebbronville Premont Presido Bolton Horn Viejo Camaron Knox Rio JIM Falfurrias Rio Collado Lobo Huelster BROOKS San Ygnacio Laguna Randado JEFF DAVIS Chispa PECOS 6 Sanisidro ZAPATA de Patos Wendell Bustamante o Sanramon HOGG Pillares I Valentine Ft. Davis Magdalens Grande Cuevitas Zapata Guerrero Grandes Quebec Lopena Alpine Viboras Conejoo Carrizo o Falcon STARR Altuda O Marfa benezer • Salineno Moctezuma Rio Grande HIDALGO o Paisano Los Ebanos Edinburg S. Antonio Candelaria' Roma Paraso 30 Marathon Ft. Ringgold/ Mier Ruidosao -30% Agualeguas Fordyce • Oja Berrendo Guardados Grulla Mamie PRESIDIO Mano O Camargo • Grande Trevino O O Allen Rancho Shafter BREWSTER Santiago-28- 00 Reynosa Viejo D Mission Presidolor • Mina C Mts. Kern El Oro 0 Hidalgo Ojinaga Ensenada WESTERN Los Indios Redford Bigbend Herreros Lajitas TEXAS Nesmith San Carloso Monterey 7 Bravo Hot Sprs. 106° 104° 100" Longitude B Wost 000 96° E 94° D F S A S R Welcho / Newkirk Foraker Lenapah Centralia Miam SHAWNEES Black Kaw Nardin Verdigr Bartlesville. Fairlando Soldani Lamont Nowata Ronca Cy. Vinita o Afton Fairfax Pawhuska Tonkawa Grand Grover Catale Billings PONCAS Ralston Ramona Chelsea Tominy Algiers Vera Adairo Eucha Garber OTOES AND Collinsville Cropper Fisk Prforcreek Flint Pawnee Perry Sumner Claremore Orlando Glencoe Cleveland م Lowrey' Catoosa Stillwater RoYale Tulsa Peggs 36 Westville Broken Arrow Mulhall z Ripley Riple Sapulpa Wagoner Ci Cushing Coweta Tahlegunh Cashiana Seward Chandler Mounds Haskell Guthrie OKLAHOMA Prague Ft.Gibson Stilwell Bristow • Stroud Beggs O Muskogee Marble Cy. Sparks Wellston Meeker Okmulgee Checotah Vian Sallisaw P Paden North Munger Jones Arkansas R. Henryetta Roland Weleetka Fk Briartown Cana Wheatland cumseho LA CITY shawnee Wetumka McLoud Eufaulag adian ian ANS R Canadia Noble Whitefield Spiro Enterprise Canadian Norman Wewoka. Indianola Quinton Poteau MeComb Chickashan Holdenville 2 McAlester Redoak Wister Purcell Wanette Asher McAlester Haileyville Texington Konawa Calvin Southo Krebs Howe Wilburton R Washita Center Francis Hartshorne 00 Lindsayo Pauls Valley Sprs. Talihinas Kiowa Ada Midland Page Reynolds Elmore relo Tuskahoma Muse Roff Coalgate Foster Wynnewood Hickory Smithville Butler Duncan- Davis Sulphur Pontotoo Phillips Olney Lehigh Nashoba Comanche Dougherty Kosoma Noah Bethel Millcreek Atoka Ardmore purwood Ravia Tishomingo Berwyno Addington Little ami Caney Hochatown Antlers Manaskille Corinne Caddo Valliant Oakland Madill Boswell Hugo 34 Hewitt Holder Kingston Durat Garvino Idabel ed Marietta Sterrett Ssherman Bo Artirur Cy. Woodland Norwood Nocona Denison St.Jo COOKE S LAMAR itesboro Detroit Ravenna Bonham Honey Paris groveo ORED RIVER Roxton Bloss MONTAGUE Bowie Gainesville GRAYSON Howland Clarksville Boston Dekalb Texarkanar Whitewright-FANNIN Fruit and Bogata DELTA Van Alstyne Leonard Ladonia BOWIE zo Mt Vernon Mt. Pleasant Redwater Metcalf Alvord Pilot Pt.o Couper Chicoo Anna O Wolfe Cy Mt.Ple Commerce Decatur Denton MunzSulpira Celeste COLLIN Farmers MORRIS HOPKINS Atlanta DENTON MCKinder ville HUNT Campell Saltillo WISE CASS TITUS Red ulphur Paradise Aurora Lewisville Daingarfield Linden Greenville 3 Plano Pittsburg prs. Carrollton Rockwall Kilda RAINS Winnsboro CAMP Hughes Sprs Grapevineo Springtown DALLAS MARION Bettie • Gilmer Faglets efferson ROCKWALL Quitman O TARRANT PARKER Dallas Terrell Emory UPSHUR O Grand Alba WOOD Weather Ft. Worth Oak Cliff Torran C Willspoint Saline Mineola Marshall Glenwood Hallsville ford Kaufman VAN ZANDTPabine sfield Lancaster Waskom GREGG Scurry HARRISON O Cresson Midlothian Ferris o O Canton Lindaleo Long view JOHNSON Elysian Fields KAUFMAN SMITH SO Kilgore Alvarado Vaxahachie Kemp Stubbs Mabank Chandler Tyler Overton Arlestono Maypearl, ELLISO Trinity Cleburi Beckville Ennis HENDERSON Murchison Flint Iton Corsicana RUSK Avalono Carthage Troup O Itasco Athens P Mt. Salman Henderson PANOLA Malakoff Sprs. Hillsboro Fincastle Keren Blooming O Gary Minden FOVO NAVARRO 32 Penana Jacksonville Mergan S CHEROKEE Togo Algus HILL GE Timpsono SHELBY Whitney Montalba Abbott Center BOSQUE Neches Hubbard Wortham Kirvin Garrison ANDERSON Cushing Rusk Clifton West o Aken Valley Palestine Alto Nacogdoches Fairfield Axtell Prairiehill O SAN OOFREESTONE Mills Elkhart Forest NACOGDOCHES San Frosao Mexia Brewer Waco Augustine Mart LIMESTONE Oakwood Woden o Grapeland Pollock AUGUSTINE Coryell MOLENNAN Hemphi Groesbeck Fay Lufkin Altonia Bronson S McGregor Bruceville Perry Thornton Jewett HOUSTON SABINE Crockett Kennard Huntington o Marlin LEON Brookeland Pidcoke Moody Centralia Diboll ANGELINA Centerville FALLS KO Kosse Marquezo Delma Lott Pennington Emporia Zavalla Killeen Lovelady Leona Bremond Burkeville Temple Laurelia Rockland TRINITY Corrigan inity O Belton Weldon ROBERTSON ◎ Chester Jasper Newton Rosebud Normangee O Franklin Trinity Groveton BELL Adair Holland o Cameron Calvert MADISON Madisonville Camden Colmesneil Onalaska POLK Hearne Cornhillo Huntsville Dodge Livingston Wood kille Roganvil Bartlett M.YLAM O TYLER Iola BRAZOS WILLIAMSON Gause WALKER Oakhurst • Lamont Rockdale Kirby ville Warren Bryan Caldwell College Sta. GRIMES New Waverly Coldspring Georgetown Sabine R. A SAN JACINTO Campwood Hyatt hes: Búna Tanglewood Anderson Taylor Montgomery • Rock BURLESON Millican Shepherd Kountze Willis Silsbee Lexingtono Rayburn HARDIN Manor yons Navasota Conroe Elgin 8 Somerville Cleveland Saratoga Maurice WASHINGTONS Courtney LEE Sourlake ORANGE 850 MONTGOMERY LIBERTY pelyalle Giddings Hempstead Hufemith Burton O Batson Beaumonto Bastrop Liberty Brenham O Spring ALLER Dayton Raywood Bellville Buda B BROPSmithville • Hockley 30 Guffey Wallisville Anahuac Hamshire Port Arthu Reedville. HARRISHumble Walley Color La Grange AUSTIN Sunnyside Houston Heights Sabine L. Lockhart JEFFER FAYETTE do Columbus New Ulm-Sealy o Sabine Pa Eureka 10 SON CALDWELL 6 Brookshire Katy Houston CHAMBE CHAMBERS Stowell Sabine Sabine Pa Waelder der Schulenburg Weimaro Sugarland Luling Harwood Flatonia o Almeda Galveston Bay COLORADO Do Wallis Seguin Gonzaleso Seabrook Arcola Roll Over Moulton Rock Island Eagtelake Richmond Sandy Poin GALVESTON Patton Matthews GONZALES Shiner Halletsville FORT Alvinovo Port Bolivar BEND Wharton Leesville Texas Cy. Galveston Entrance LAKACA Felder Pilgrimo BRAZORIA West Bay Galveston Smiley Hochheim oakum WHARTON Parkdale GALVESTON Angleton ISLAND Cam Bello DEWITT Morales Ganado Lou do Louise amb Hooks Corumbin Radford San Luis Pass 5 Cuero Yorktown Markham Adamston Mission Thompson Edna Blessing O Bay Cy Velasco 0 Runge Val'OWICTORIA MCKSON MATAGORDA Hawkinsville Weesatche Victoria MEXI Vadsworth Choate Palacios Guadalupe Fannin Matagorda Goliad Placed Port Lavaca Matagorda Bay GOLIAD O MATAGORDA Berclair PENINSULA REFUGIO ari CALHOUN BFE FU Inari Beeville Greta San Antonio Refuglo Ba Skidmo MATAGORDA Matris ISLAND ARANS Sinton Rookport 28 SAN PATRICIO ST.JOSEPH 1. Arunsas Pass Angelita Portlan Aransas Pass Corpus Christi Bay F - UECES Corpus Christi MUSTANG I. Corpus Christi Pass Kingsville KLEBERG ISLAND Sarita de la Madre • Turcotte 6 TEXAS VILLACY ULF Norias PADRE CAMERON Yturria Laguna Lonsboro Combes CoHarlingen SCALE OF STATUTE MILES Isabel or Bessie 0 20 Point Isabel 40 60 80 100 Olmito 26 SCALE OF KILOMETERS Lot Loma Brownsville 20 40 60 Ft. Brown 80 100 120 140 160 G Matamoros Santa Rosa 7 Caracol County Towns Railroads from 000 Groonmich extends along the coast, and is bordered by the Tertiary, with wide expansion in the E. N. W. of the Tertiary are extensive tracts of Cretaceous formations, extending W. along the Red river and S. to San Antonio. The W. portion of the state is principally of Carboniferous formations with extensive coal measures. Mineralogy. Coal is the most valuable mineral product, but extensive beds of iron, lead, silver, bismuth, and gold are also found . Salt, building stones, clay, arsenic, antimony, mineral oils, and fertilizers are among smaller productions. There are numerous mineral springs and oil wells . In the latter part of 1900 extensive oil fields were discovered near Beaumont, and produced a great boom in the Texas oil industry. The mineral production is of great importance . Its value has been increased in recent years by the enormous development of the petroleum fields. This was especially notable in 1918, 1919 and 1920. The production in 1918 was 38,750,031 barrels valued at $ 74,867,537. The production of coal is of great importance. There were mined in 1919 about 1,600,000 tons, compared with 2,204,266 tons in 1918. The production of natural gas in 1918 was valued at $3,192,625. Other important mineral products are quicksilver, salt, gypsum, granite , clay products, asphalt, and zinc. Agriculture. The soil of Texas is, as a hole, extremely fertile. The two staple whol products are cotton and maize, both of which are largely cultivated in the lower or coast region, where sugar cane and tobacco also grow luxuriantly. Wheat, rye, oats, and barley thrive best in the black land prairie regions; and both there and at lower levels fruits in almost endless variety are abundant. The forests contain large tracts of oak. The pastures are often covered with the richest natural grasses, and the rearing of cattle is carried on to the greatest advantage. Texas is one of the most important agricultural States. It has over 420,000 farms, with about 120,000,000 acres of farm land, of which about 30,000,000 acres is improved land . In the arid region a large area has been reclaimed under the Federal Reclamation Act. The acreage, value, and production of the principal crops in 1919 were as follows: corn, 6,760,000 acres, production 202,800,000 bushels, value $239,304,000 ; oats, 2,250,000 acres, production 94,500,000 bushels, value $60,- 480,000; wheat, 1,900,000 acres, production 31,350,000 bushels, value $62,700,- 000; hay, 662,000 acres, production 1,258,- 000 tons , value $22,644,000; potatoes, 52,000 acres, production 3,796,000 bushwell represented in Texas. The Alluvial els, value $7,972,000; peanuts, 222,000 acres, production 5,550,000 bushels, value $13,209,000 ; sorghums, 1,798,000 acres, production 59,334,000 bushels, value $65,- 667,000; cotton, 10,346,000 acres, production 2,700,000 bales, value $472,500,000; rice, 218,000 acres, production 6,998,000 bushels, value $19,594,000. Manufactures. In 1914 there 5,084 manufacturing establishments emwere ploying 74,853 wage earners, with an invested capital of $238,544,000. The amount paid in wages was $44,821,000; the value of the materials used $253,144,- 000; and the value of the product $361,- 279,000. Banking. On Oct. 31, 1919 reported 546 National banks in operation, , there were having $58,473,000 in capital, $42,237,000 in outstanding circulation, and $158,327,- 000 in United States bonds. There were also 834 State banks, with $25,080,000 in capital, and $8,577,000 surplus. The exchanges at the United States clearing house at Dallas and Houston for the year ending Sept. 30, 1919, aggregated $2,- 291,966,000. Transportation. -The railway mileage in the State in 1919 was 20,074. Education. There are about 1,000,000 pupils enrolled in the public elementary schools, and about 65,000 in the public high schools. The teachers number about 30,000. There are separate schools for white and colored children, and the employment of illiterate children under 14 years of age in factories, etc., is prohibited . There are six normal schools. The most important universities and colleges are the University of Texas at Austin, Agricultural and Mechanical College at College Station, College dustrial Arts at Denton, ge of In- Baylor sity at Waco, Baylor College at Belton, Univer- Texas Christian College at Southern Methodist University at Dallas, Fort Worth, Howard Payne College at Brownwood, Southwestern University at Georgetown, Austin College at Sherman, and Rice Institute at Houston. Finance. The receipts for the fiscal year 1919 amounted to $21,287,911, and the disbursements to $20,641,335. There was a balance at the beginning of the year of $4,035,840, and at the end of the year of $4,682,416. The bonded debt amounts to about $4,000,000. The assessed value of real property is about $ 2,000,000,000. Churches. The strongest denominations in the State are the Methodist Episcopal, South; Regular Baptist, South; Regular Baptist, Colored; Roman Catholic; African Methodist; Disciples of Christ: Methodist Episcopal; Cumberland Presbyterian; Presbyterian, South; Lutheran, General Council; Protestant Episcopal; and Primitive Baptist. State Government. The Governor is elected for a term of two years. Legislative sessions are held biennially and are unlimited in length. The Legislature consists of two houses, the Senate composed of 31 members and the House of 142 members. There are 18 Representatives in Congress. History. The first settlement in Texas was made at Taleta by the Spanish in 1682, 12 miles north of the present El Paso. It afterward in conjunction with Coahuila became one of the States of the Mexican Confederation. Several colonies of American citizens, invited by the Mexicans, settled in the central and E. section, and gradually increased in numbers. When Santa Ana overthrew the federal system Zacatecas rebelled but was soon subdued. Texas then revolted from the Mexican government, and in 1836 declared itself independent. Santa Ana attempted to reduce it, but failed, being himself beaten and taken prisoner at the battle of San Jacinto by General Houston. Texas now managed its own affairs as an independent republic, till 1845, when it became one of the United States, and thus gave rise to the war which proved disastrous to Mexico. It joined the Confederates during the Civil War, and was the last to submit. It was under military control till 1870, when it was restored to the Union.