The Meta-Encyclopedia

Theodore

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

"King of Corsica," otherwise Baron Theodore de Neuhoff, son of a Westphalian noble in the French service; born in Metz in 1686; was successively in the French, Swedish, and Spanish service; was ruined in Law's speculations (see Law, John ); and after leading an adventurer's life settled at Florence in 1732. As a representative of the Emperor Charles VI., he was induced by Corsican acquaintances to head a Corsican rising against the Genoese; and with the support of Turkey and a ship and munitions from the Bey of Tunis landed in Corsica in March, 1736, and was crowned Theodore I. He was in a few months driven to flight, as he was again on a second attempt in 1738, and on a third in 1743. After many wanderings he settled in London in 1749. Imprisoned by his creditors, he was liberated by a subscription supported by Walpole, but died soon after, Dec. 11, 1756. In Spain he had married an Irish lady, daughter of the Earl of Kilmallock. His only son by her, known as Colonel Frederick, wrote a book on "Corsica," and at the age of about 72 shot himself in the porch of Westminster Abbey, Feb. 1, 1797. THEODORE II., King of Abyssinia; born in the province of Kwara in 1818; for many years a rebel; finally fought his way to the throne in 1855. He was a man of great parts, an inveterate foe of Islamism, a born ruler, and an intelligent reformer. But intolerance of any power save his own finally made a tyrant of him; and in consequence of the imprisonment of Consul Cameron and other British subjects he brought on himself a war with England, which ended, April 13, 1868, in the storming of Magdala and the death (supposedly by suicide) of Theodore. See Abyssinia . born in Antioch about 390; early entered

What Has Changed in the Last Century

Collier's in 1921 treated Theodore II of "Abyssinia" as a tyrant whose intolerance brought British guns to Magdala in 1868; Ethiopia today honours Tewodros II as the ruler who began welding a fragmented country into a modern state, and the storming of Maqdala is remembered less for his death than for the plunder that followed. Hundreds of manuscripts, crowns and crosses carried off by Napier's expedition remain in British institutions, and restitution has become a live diplomatic quarrel: a lock of Tewodros's hair was returned to Ethiopia in 2019, while Ethiopian requests for the remains of his son Prince Alemayehu, buried at Windsor, have been refused. The account of the other Theodore, Baron Neuhoff's brief 1736 kingship in Corsica, still stands much as written; Corsica itself passed from Genoa to France in 1768 and is now a French territorial collectivity with its own nationalist movement.

Written for this edition, 2026.