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Theomancy

An Encyclopaedia of Occultism (1920)

The part of the Jewish Kabala which studies the mysteries of the divine majesty and seeks the sacred names. He who possesses this science knows the future, commands nature, has full power over angels and demons, and can perform miracles. The Rabbis claimed that it was by this means that Moses performed so many marvels; that Joshua was able to stop the sun; that Elias caused fire to fall from heaven, and raised the dead; that Daniel closed the mouths of the lions; and that the three youths were not consumed in the furnace. However, although very expert in the divine names, the Jewish rabbis no longer perform any of the wonders done by their fathers. Theosophy Theosophical Society was founded in 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and Henry Steele Olcott. They met in America in 1874 where Colonel Olcott was engaged in spiritualistic investigation at the house of the Eddy Brothers in Vermont. Madame Blavatsky was, of course, deeply read in every thing pertaining to the occult and similarity of tastes verynaturally drew them together. Scientific materialism was then engaging general attention and making no little progress, and since theosophy is the antithesis of materialism of any kind, it was decided that some society should be formed to combat this movement. In May, 1875, a Miracle Club was formed, but it was a failure. Later in the same year, in the month of September, a fresh attempt was however, agreed on and this was made in November with Col. Olcott as president, and Madame Blavatsky as corresponding secretary, and a membership of twenty. This attempt seemed also to be doomed to failure, many members dropping off because no phenomena were manifested and indeed only Col. Olcott and Madame Blavatsky remained with two of the founders of the society and a few other members. Not discouraged by this, however, they decided to amalgamate with the Indian Society, but even this met with no more success, and it was not till by a happy inspiration the society was removed to India , that it began to attract attention and make headway. From that time its success was assured and, whatever opinions may be held of the soundness of theosophical teaching, no doubt can be entertained of the extent and influence of the society, which has numerous members in lands so far apart and so different in spirit as America and India, besides every other civilised country in the world. In accordance with the spirit of theosophy, no dogma is demanded of members save acceptance of the belief in the brotherhood of man, so that Christian and Mohammedan may meet on equal terms without any necessity of varying their peculiar religious beliefs. Its activities include study of everything germane to theosophy, religion, philosophy, laws of nature whether patent to all mankind as in the domain of science, or hidden as yet from all but those with special knowledge, as in the domain of the occult. (See Theosophy.)

What Has Changed in the Last Century

Spence's 1920 Encyclopaedia of Occultism describes theomancy as the branch of Kabbalah devoted to the secret names of God, by which Moses and Joshua were said to work marvels — while noting drily that modern rabbis "no longer perform any of the wonders done by their fathers." The practice itself is no more current now than it was then, and the word "theomancy" has largely dropped out of English use. What has changed is the study of the tradition behind it: Gershom Scholem's academic work, above all Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (1941), moved Kabbalah out of the occultist's cabinet and into university departments, where the divine-name speculation of the Hekhalot texts and Sefer Yetzirah is read as religious history rather than as a lost technique. Note also that the text reprinted here runs straight on into Spence's separate article on Theosophy, a scanning artefact rather than part of the theomancy entry.

Written for this edition, 2026.